使用tkinter在GUI上显示程序的输出? [英] Display the output of the program on GUI with tkinter?
问题描述
我想在GUI上显示程序的实时"输出(显示在其中的所有内容).如何访问我的输出?以及在文本框中显示它的正确方法是什么?
I would like to display my program's "live" output on GUI (all what printed in it). how can i access to my output? and what the right way to display it for example in text box?
我在哪里错? (我希望"hello world"出现在文本框中.(Test2是正在运行的程序))
edited: where am i wrong? (I would like that the "hello world" to appear inside the text box. (Test2 is the running program))
from tkinter import *
from subprocess import *
print("Hello world")
def func():
proc = Popen("Test2.py", stdout=PIPE, shell=True)
proc = proc.communicate()
output.insert(END, proc)
Master = Tk()
Check = Button(Master, text="Display output", command=func)
Quit = Button(Master, text="Exit", fg="red", command=Master.quit)
output = Text(Master, width=40, height=8)
Check.pack(padx=20, pady=8)
Quit.pack(padx=20, pady=18)
output.pack()
Master.mainloop()
推荐答案
我花了一些时间调试并修改了errorwindow.py模块/355230>另一个问题，因此它可以在Python 2 和 3中使用-链接答案中的代码是针对Python 2.x编写的.请注意，我只做了使它在两个版本下都能正常工作的最低限度的要求.脚本的修改后的版本已命名为errorwindow3k.py(尽管事实也适用于Python 2).
I took the time to debug and modify the errorwindow.py module in my answer to another question so it will work in both Python 2 and 3—the code in the linked answer was written for Python 2.x. Note I only did the minimum necessary to get it functioning under the two versions. The modified version of the script has been named errorwindow3k.py (despite that fact it also works in Python 2).
大多数问题仅是由于模块重命名造成的，但是更难弄清楚的是，这是由于在版本3中切换为Unicode字符串作为默认字符串类型所致-显然(在Windows)，进程之间的管道是字节流，而不是Unicode字符.幸运的是，在另一侧解码并随后对数据进行编码的修复"在Python 2中也不会受到损害，这使得纠正问题相当容易.
The majority of the issues were simply due to module renaming, however there was a harder one to figure-out that turned-out was due to the switch to Unicode strings being the default string-type in version 3—apparently (on Windows anyway), pipes between processes are byte-streams, not Unicode characters. Fortunately the "fix" of decoding and then encoding the data on the other side also doesn't hurt in Python 2 which made correcting the problem fairly easy.
这很好的是，使用它非常容易.只是import它，从那点开始，任何发送到sys.stderr或sys.stdout的输出都将导致基于tkinter的输出窗口出现，以显示信息.在示例代码中，只需在print("Hello world")之前的某个位置插入import errorwindow3k.
This nice thing is that using it is very easy. Just import it and from that point on any output sent to either sys.stderr or sys.stdout will cause tkinter-based output windows to appear as needed to display the information. In your sample code just insert import errorwindow3k somewhere before the print("Hello world").
文件 errorwindow3k.py:
File errorwindow3k.py:
# Code derived from Bryan Olson's source posted in this related Usenet discussion:
# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.lang.python/HWPhLhXKUos/TpFeWxEE9nsJ
# https://groups.google.com/d/msg/comp.lang.python/HWPhLhXKUos/eEHYAl4dH9YJ
#
# See the comments and doc string below.
#
# Here's a module to show stderr output from console-less Python
# apps, and stay out of the way otherwise. I plan to make a ASPN
# recipe of it, but I thought I'd run it by this group first.
#
# To use it, import the module. That's it. Upon import it will
# assign sys.stderr.
#
# In the normal case, your code is perfect so nothing ever gets
# written to stderr, and the module won't do much of anything.
# Upon the first write to stderr, if any, the module will launch a
# new process, and that process will show the stderr output in a
# window. The window will live until dismissed; I hate, hate, hate
# those vanishing-consoles-with-critical-information.
#
# The code shows some arguably-cool tricks. To fit everthing in
# one file, the module runs the Python interpreter on itself; it
# uses the "if __name__ == '__main__'" idiom to behave radically
# differently upon import versus direct execution. It uses TkInter
# for the window, but that's in a new process; it does not import
# TkInter into your application.
#
# To try it out, save it to a file -- I call it "errorwindow.py" -
# - and import it into some subsequently-incorrect code. For
# example:
#
# import errorwindow
#
# a = 3 + 1 + nonesuchdefined
#
# should cause a window to appear, showing the traceback of a
# Python NameError.
#
# --
# --Bryan
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
#
# martineau - Modified to use subprocess.Popen instead of the os.popen
# which has been deprecated since Py 2.6. Changed so it
# redirects both stdout and stderr. Added numerous
# comments, and also inserted double quotes around paths
# in case they have embedded space characters in them, as
# they did on my Windows system.
#
# Recently updated it to work in both Python 2 and Python 3.
"""
Import this module into graphical Python apps to provide a
sys.stderr. No functions to call, just import it. It uses
only facilities in the Python standard distribution.
If nothing is ever written to stderr, then the module just
sits there and stays out of your face. Upon write to stderr,
it launches a new process, piping it error stream. The new
process throws up a window showing the error messages.
"""
import subprocess
import sys
try:
import thread
except ModuleNotFoundError: # Python 3
import _thread as thread
import os
EXC_INFO_FILENAME = 'exc_info.txt'
if __name__ == '__main__': # When spawned as separate process.
# create window in which to display output
# then copy stdin to the window until EOF
# will happen when output is sent to each OutputPipe created
try:
from Tkinter import BOTH, END, Frame, Text, TOP, YES
import tkFont
import Queue
except ModuleNotFoundError: # Python 3
from tkinter import BOTH, END, Frame, Text, TOP, YES
import tkinter.font as tkFont
import queue as Queue
Q_EMPTY = Queue.Empty # An exception class.
queue = Queue.Queue(1000) # FIFO
def read_stdin(app, bufsize=4096):
fd = sys.stdin.fileno() # File descriptor for os.read() calls.
read = os.read
put = queue.put
while True:
put(read(fd, bufsize))
class Application(Frame):
def __init__(self, master=None, font_size=8, text_color='#0000AA', rows=25, cols=100):
Frame.__init__(self, master)
# Create title based on the arguments passed to the spawned script:
# argv[0]: name of this script (ignored)
# argv[1]: name of script that imported this module
# argv[2]: name of redirected stream (optional)
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
title = "Output stream from unknown source"
elif len(sys.argv) < 3:
title = "Output stream from %s" % (sys.argv[1],)
else: # Assume it's a least 3.
title = "Output stream '%s' from %s" % (sys.argv[2], sys.argv[1])
self.master.title(title)
self.pack(fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
font = tkFont.Font(family='Courier', size=font_size)
width = font.measure(' ' * (cols+1))
height = font.metrics('linespace') * (rows+1)
self.configure(width=width, height=height)
self.pack_propagate(0) # Force frame to be configured size.
self.logwidget = Text(self, font=font)
self.logwidget.pack(side=TOP, fill=BOTH, expand=YES)
# Disallow key entry, but allow text copying with <Control-c>
self.logwidget.bind('<Key>', lambda x: 'break')
self.logwidget.bind('<Control-c>', lambda x: None)
self.logwidget.configure(foreground=text_color)
self.logwidget.insert(END, '==== Start of Output Stream ====\n\n')
self.logwidget.see(END)
self.after(200, self.start_thread, ()) # Start polling thread.
def start_thread(self, _):
thread.start_new_thread(read_stdin, (self,))
self.after(200, self.check_q, ())
def check_q(self, _):
log = self.logwidget
log_insert = log.insert
log_see = log.see
queue_get_nowait = queue.get_nowait
go = True
while go:
try:
data = queue_get_nowait().decode() # Must decode for Python 3.
if not data:
data = '[EOF]'
go = False
log_insert(END, data)
log_see(END)
except Q_EMPTY:
self.after(200, self.check_q, ())
go = False
app = Application()
app.mainloop()
else: # when module is first imported
import traceback
class OutputPipe(object):
def __init__(self, name=''):
self.lock = thread.allocate_lock()
self.name = name
def flush(self): # NO-OP.
pass
def __getattr__(self, attr):
if attr == 'pipe': # Attribute doesn't exist, so create it.
# Launch this module as a separate process to display any output
# it receives.
# Note: It's important to put double quotes around everything just in
# case any have embedded space characters.
command = '"%s" "%s" "%s" "%s"' % (sys.executable, # executable
__file__, # argv[0]
os.path.basename(sys.argv[0]), # argv[1]
self.name) # argv[2]
#
# Typical command and arg values on receiving end:
# C:\Python3\python[w].exe # executable
# C:\vols\Files\PythonLib\Stack Overflow\errorwindow3k.py # argv[0]
# errorwindow3k_test.py # argv[1]
# stderr # argv[2]
# Execute this script directly as __main__ with a stdin PIPE for sending
# output to it.
try:
# Had to also make stdout and stderr PIPEs too, to work with pythonw.exe
self.pipe = subprocess.Popen(command, bufsize=0,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE).stdin
except Exception:
# Output exception info to a file since this module isn't working.
exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback = sys.exc_info()
msg = ('%r exception in %s\n' %
(exc_type.__name__, os.path.basename(__file__)))
with open(EXC_INFO_FILENAME, 'wt') as info:
info.write('fatal error occurred spawning output process')
info.write('exeception info:' + msg)
traceback.print_exc(file=info)
sys.exit('fatal error occurred')
return super(OutputPipe, self).__getattribute__(attr)
def write(self, data):
with self.lock:
data = data.encode() # Must encode for Python 3.
self.pipe.write(data) # First reference to pipe attr will cause an
# OutputPipe process for the stream to be created.
# Clean-up any left-over debugging files.
try:
os.remove(DEBUG_FILENAME) # Delete previous file, if any.
except Exception:
pass
try:
os.remove(EXC_INFO_FILENAME) # Delete previous file, if any.
except Exception:
pass
# Redirect standard output streams in the process that imported this module.
sys.stderr = OutputPipe('stderr')
sys.stdout = OutputPipe('stdout')
如果您对它的工作方式有任何疑问，请随时在评论中提问.
If you have any questions about how it works, feel free to ask in the comments.
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