在virtualenv中控制pip版本 [英] Control the pip version in virtualenv

问题描述

如何控制在新创建的中使用的pip版本venv ?

How do I control the version of pip which is used in a freshly created venv?

默认情况下，它使用供应的点数分布可能已经过时或由于其他任何原因而不合适.我希望能够创建一个venv，并且首先安装 并安装用户指定的pip版本，而不是先创建一个，然后再从环境中升级pip安装.

By default, it uses a vendored pip distribution which may be out of date or unsuitable for whatever other reason. I want to be able to create a venv with a user-specified version of pip installed initially, as opposed to creating one and then upgrading the pip installation from within the env.

推荐答案

stdlib的新添加 .但是，对于3.8.0版本，它没有及时进入venv命令行界面.

A new addition to the stdlib venv module is EnvBuilder.upgrade_dependencies. However, it didn't make it into the venv command-line interface in time for the 3.8.0 release.

不幸的是，它不会真正帮助用户安装特定于 的pip版本，只是最新版本.

Unfortunately, it won't really help users to install a specific pip version, only the latest.

一切都不会丢失！ venv CLI确实提供了一个--without-pip参数，在这里很有用.您可以使用此选项退出供应商的pip，然后实际使用供应商的pip wheel来安装所需的pip版本(以及在刚创建的虚拟环境中可能需要的任何其他软件包).这有点令人费解，因此最好将其放入shell函数中-这将进入您的shell配置文件或rc文件中:

All is not lost! The venv CLI does provide a --without-pip argument that is useful here. You can use this to opt-out of the vendored pip, and then actually use the vendored pip wheel to install your desired pip version instead (along with any other packages you might want in a freshly created virtual environment). This is all a bit convoluted, so best to put it into a shell function - this goes into your shell profile or rc file:

function ve() {
    local py="python3"
    if [ ! -d ./.venv ]; then
        echo "creating venv..."
        if ! $py -m venv .venv --prompt=$(basename $PWD) --without-pip; then
            echo "ERROR: Problem creating venv" >&2
            return 1
        else
            local whl=$($py -c "import pathlib, ensurepip; [whl] = pathlib.Path(ensurepip.__path__[0]).glob('_bundled/pip*.whl'); print(whl)")
            echo "boostrapping pip using $whl"
            .venv/bin/python $whl/pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel
            source .venv/bin/activate
        fi
    else
        source .venv/bin/activate
    fi
}

如前所述，此函数仅从索引中提取最新的pip，setuptools和wheel.要强制使用特定版本，您只需更改以下shell脚本行即可:

As written, this function just pulls latest pip, setuptools, and wheel from index. To force specific versions you can just change this line of the shell script:

.venv/bin/python $whl/pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel

例如，

.venv/bin/python $whl/pip install pip==19.3.1

对于Python 2.7用户，您可能会做类似的技巧，因为virtualenv在--no-pip，--no-setuptools和--no-wheel中提供了类似的命令行选项，并且仍然有一个供应商提供的pip wheel用于引导自Python 2.7.9起. Pathlib将不可用，因此您需要将pathlib用法更改为os.path +

For Python 2.7 users, you may do a similar trick because virtualenv provides similar command-line options in --no-pip, --no-setuptools, and --no-wheel, and there is still a vendored pip wheel available to bootstrap since Python 2.7.9. Pathlib will not be available, so you'll need to change the pathlib usage into os.path + glob.

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