Java中具有集合的泛型和通配符 [英] Generics and wildcards with collections in Java
问题描述
在使用AssertJ的测试类中,我具有类似于以下内容的代码:
In a test class using AssertJ, I have code similar to the following:
public void someTest() {
assertThat(getNames()).has(sameNamesAs(getExpectedNames()));
assertThat(getNames()).doesNotHave(sameNamesAs(getOtherNames()));
}
private List<String> getNames() {
return null;
}
private List<String> getExpectedNames() {
return null;
}
private List<String> getOtherNames() {
return null;
}
private Condition<List<String>> sameNamesAs(List<String> rhs) {
return new Condition<List<String>>("same names as " + rhs) {
@Override
public boolean matches(final List<String> lhs) {
return lhs.containsAll(rhs) && rhs.containsAll(lhs);
}
};
}
在调用has
和doesNotHave
时出现编译错误:
I get a compilation error on the calls to has
and doesNotHave
:
has/doesNotHave
(org.assertj.core.api.Condition<? super java.util.List<? extends java.lang.String>>)
in AbstractListAssert cannot be applied
to
(org.assertj.core.api.Condition<java.util.List<java.lang.String>>).
我是Java的新手,我不理解这个问题:java.util.List
是java.util.List
的超类型,而java.lang.String
是java.lang.String
的扩展,不是吗?
I'm new to Java and I don't understand the problem: java.util.List
is a super-type of java.util.List
and java.lang.String
extends java.lang.String
, don't they?
推荐答案
在您的情况下,has
和doesNotHave
方法采用Condition<? super List<? extends T>
条件,而不是Condition<? super List<T>>
,因为您要从
In your case, the has
and doesNotHave
methods take a Condition<? super List<? extends T>
condition, not a Condition<? super List<T>>
as you are returning from your Condition<List<T>> sameNamesAs
method.
您需要一个Condition<List<? extends String>>
类型的实例(它是原始类型Condition<? super List<? extends String>>
的子类):
You need an instance of the Condition<List<? extends String>>
type (it's a subclass of the original type Condition<? super List<? extends String>>
):
private Condition<List<? extends String>> sameNamesAs(List<String> rhs) {
return new Condition<List<? extends String>>("same names as " + rhs) { ... };
}
我尝试通过以下代码段进行说明:
I tried to illustrate this with the following snippet:
List<String> list = getNames();
// ELEMENT = String, ACTUAL = List<? extends ELEMENT>
ListAssert<String> assertThat = assertThat(list);
// by the signature, we have to pass Condition<? super ELEMENT> or Condition<? super ACTUAL>
// Condition<? super ACTUAL> = Condition<? super List<? extends String>>
Condition<List<? extends String>> condition = sameNamesAs(list);
// Condition<List<? extends String>> extends Condition<? super List<? extends String>>
assertThat.has(condition);
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