我可以使用auto或decltype代替尾随返回类型吗? [英] Can i use auto or decltype instead trailing return type?
问题描述
我发现trailing return type
非常容易定义返回复杂类型的函数的返回,例如:
I find trailing return type
so easy to define the return of a function that returns a complicated types e.g:
auto get_diag(int(&ar)[3][3])->int(&)[3]{ // using trailing return type
static int diag[3]{
ar[0][0], ar[1][1], ar[2][2]
};
return diag;
}
auto& get_diag2(int(&ar)[3][3]){ // adding & auto because otherwise it converts the array to pointer
static int diag[3]{
ar[0][0], ar[1][1], ar[2][2]
};
return diag;
}
int main(){
int a[][3]{
{1, 2, 3},
{4, 5, 6},
{7, 8, 9}
};
decltype(get_diag(a)) diag{
get_diag(a)
};
for (auto i : diag)
std::cout << i << ", ";
std::cout << std::endl;
decltype(get_diag2(a)) diag2{
get_diag2(a)
};
for (auto i : diag2)
std::cout << i << ", ";
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << std::endl;
}
- 我想知道功能
get_diag
和get_diag2
之间的区别是什么.因此,只要输出是相同的,为什么我需要使用尾随返回类型? - I want to know what is the difference between the functions
get_diag
andget_diag2
. So as long as the output is the same why I need to use trailing return type?
推荐答案
auto& get_diag2(int(&ar)[3][3]){ // adding & auto because otherwise it converts the array to pointer
static int diag[3]{
ar[0][0], ar[1][1], ar[2][2]
};
return diag;
}
在C ++ 11编译器中将不起作用.在C ++ 14中添加了不带尾随返回类型的auto
用法,其行为类似于auto将变量用于变量时的工作方式.这意味着它将永远不会返回引用类型,因此您必须使用auto&
返回对要返回的对象的引用.
Will not work in a C++11 compiler. Using auto
without a trailing return type was added to C++14 and acts like how auto works when using it for a variable. This means it will never return a reference type so you have to use auto&
to return a reference to the thing you want to return.
如果您不知道是否应该返回引用或值(在通用编程中经常发生这种情况),则可以使用decltyp(auto)
作为返回类型.例如
If you do not know if you should return a reference or a value (this happens a lot in generic programming) then you can use decltyp(auto)
as the return type. For example
template<class F, class... Args>
decltype(auto) Example(F func, Args&&... args)
{
return func(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
}
如果func
按值返回,
将按值返回;如果func
返回参考,则按引用返回.
will return by value if func
returns by value and return by reference if func
returns a reference.
简而言之,如果您使用的是C ++ 11,则必须在前面或后面指定返回类型.在C ++ 14及更高版本中,您可以只使用auto
/decltype(auto)
并让编译器为您处理它.
In short if you are using C++11 you have to specify the return type, either in front or as a trailing return type. In C++14 and above you can just use auto
/decltype(auto)
and let the compiler deal with it for you.
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