导出不能在Mac上永久导出变量 [英] export can't export variables permanently on Mac

问题描述

我想全局设置一个环境变量，所以我将其添加到~/.bashrc:

export MONGO_HOME=~/mongo

它在此命令控制台中有效，但是当我打开另一个命令控制台时，它无效.刚输入source ~/.bashrc后就可以使用，因此我也将此代码添加到了~/.bash_profile和~/.profile中，但结果相同.

谁能告诉我为什么会发生这种情况，以及如何永久保存此变量?我在Mac上.

解决方案

Scott Crook的答案提供了有效的解决方案./p>

这里有一些背景:

• 在OS X上，由Terminal.app创建的所有Bash实例都是 login shell(不同于大多数Linux系统上由终端创建的实例).

• 交互式Bash登录外壳程序在用户级别上获取存在的以下文件的 first :~/.bash_profile，~/.bash_login，~/.profile；作为交互式 login 外壳程序，但是，它们不也提供源代码~/.bashrc.

• 因此，要确保将~/.bashrc加载到 all 交互式外壳中，则应将其作为语句即可.

  请注意，即使您全局说 ，上述操作也只会生效:

  • 用于交互式 shell实例(尤其不适用于幕后应用程序创建的shell).
  • 当前用户

  要使环境变量定义对 all 所有用户生效，请将其放置在/etc/profile中，但要注意的是，这仅对 interactive shell有效

  I want to set a env variable globally, so I add this to ~/.bashrc:

  export MONGO_HOME=~/mongo
  

  It works in this command console, but when I open another command console, it doesn't work; just after I type source ~/.bashrc it works, so I add this code to ~/.bash_profile and ~/.profile also, but same result.

  Can anyone tell me why this happens and how can I save this variable permanently? I'm on Mac.

  解决方案

  Scott Crook's answer provides an effective solution.

  Here's some background:

  • On OS X, all Bash instances created by Terminal.app are login shells (unlike the instances created by terminals on most Linux systems).

  • Interactive Bash login shells, at the user level, source the first of the following files that exists: ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, ~/.profile; as interactive login shells, however, they do not also source ~/.bashrc.

  • Thus, to ensure that ~/.bashrc is loaded in all interactive shells, it should be sourced from ~/.bash_profile, as Scott Crook's answer recommends.

  Adding your export statements to ~/.bash_profile should have taken effect in any shell tabs/windows opened thereafter. To troubleshoot, simply add an echo "Loading <filename>" statement to the beginning of the initialization file(s) of interest.

  Note that even though you say globally, the above only takes effect:

  • for interactive shell instances (notably not for shells created by applications behind the scenes).
  • for the current user

  To have environment-variable definitions take effect for all users, place them in /etc/profile, but not that, again, this will only take effect for interactive shells.

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