指令集和指令集体系结构(ISA)有什么区别? [英] What is the difference between Instruction Set and Instruction Set Architecture (ISA)?

问题描述

我无法理解指令集和指令集体系结构之间的区别.

I am not able to understand the difference between Instruction set and Instruction set architecture.

我知道什么是指令集. 指令集仅定义了我们可以向处理器提供的可能指令，以及如何将指令(因此为指令格式)提供给处理器.

I know what is an instruction set. Instruction set just defines the possible instructions we can give to the processor and how the instruction are give ( therefore the instruction format ) to the processor.

现在什么是指令集体系结构?

我看过维基百科，它在指令集上有一个页面，在页面的第一行中有一个指向指令集体系结构的链接，该链接重定向到计算机体系结构.

I have looked up wikipedia, it has a page on instruction set and inside it, on the first line there is a link to instruction set architecture which redirects to computer architecture.

指令集体系结构与计算机体系结构一样吗?

请有人可以解释一下IS和ISA之间的具体区别，以便我可以理解什么是ISA以及ISA对指令集增加了什么.

推荐答案

不是真正的计算机体系结构，因为计算机涉及外围设备和PCB以及机箱，按钮，连接器等.

Not really computer architecture as a computer involves the peripherals and PCB and perhaps the chassis, buttons, connectors, etc.

指令集架构是事物的架构，外观和感觉.就像建筑物的建筑一样.指令集是实现该体系结构的指令集. (正如Brendan所指出的，您可以具有多个实现相同体系结构的集合).一个很好的例子是ARM，ARMv7-m为部分/大部分cortex-m(产品系列的市场名称)内核定义了架构. cortex-m3，cortex-m4和cortex-m7符合《 ARMv7-m的ARM体系结构参考手册》中定义的ARMv7-m体系结构.但是这些是不同的核心，它们可能是从头开始的完整重写，它们可能具有不同的深度管道，一个可能具有缓存和/或fpu，而另一个则没有.在这种情况下，架构会定义一个它们都遵循的指令集(在这种情况下，fpu是一个例外，在架构中未定义).

The instruction set architecture is the architecture, the look and feel of the thing. Just like the architecture of a building. The instruction set is the set of instructions that implement that architecture. (as Brendan has pointed out you can have more than one set that implements the same architecture). A good example is ARM, ARMv7-m defines the architecture for some/most of the cortex-m (the marketing name for a product family) cores. The cortex-m3, cortex-m4, cortex-m7 conform to the ARMv7-m architecture which is defined in the ARM Architectural Reference Manual for the ARMv7-m. But these are different cores, they may be complete rewrites from scratch, they may have different depth pipelines, one might have a cache and/or fpu where another doesnt. In this case there is an instruction set defined by the architecture that they all conform to (the fpu is an exception in this case and not defined in the architecture).

建筑师可以为麦当劳设计建筑物或建筑物准则，当您开车经过该建筑物时，如果不看徽标就知道它是麦当劳，温迪斯或比萨饼屋.但是，并非所有这些建筑物都是由相同的施工人员使用同一工厂的木材或同一供应商的涂料等建造的.指令集体系结构定义了体系结构，可能是指令集定义了其实现的机器代码，但特定的芯片或符合该体系结构的核心可能不是完全相同的构建，从表面上看，体系结构看起来一样，看起来像Taco Bell，但其构造可能与下一个城镇的Taco Bell不同，您仍然可以购买tacos使用该设备时，味道几乎相同.只要机器代码/指令集对来自同一体系结构的两个不同内核进行外观和感觉相同的编程，炸玉米饼的味道就相同.但是实现方式可能有所不同(将西红柿放在酸奶油之前而不是之后).

An architect may design the building or building guidelines for a McDonalds and when you drive by you look at that building and without looking at the logo you know it is a mcdonalds or a wendys or a pizza hut. But not everyone of those buildings was built by the same construction crew using lumber from the same mill or paint from the same vendor, etc. The instruction set architecture defines the architecture and probably the instruction set the machine code it implements but the specific chips or cores made to conform to that architecture might not be identically built, on the surface the architecture looks the same, it looks like a Taco Bell, but it may be built differently than a Taco Bell in the next town over, you can still buy tacos that taste pretty much the same when you use that facility. As far as the machine code/instruction set goes programming two different cores from the same architecture look and feel the same, the tacos taste the same. But the implementation may be different (they might put the tomatoes in before the sour cream instead of after).

好，坏或其他方面，这两个术语经常互换使用来表示同一事物(指令集，可能是所谈论事物的机器代码指令).

Good, bad, or otherwise, the two terms are often used interchangeably to mean the same thing (the instruction set, the possibly machine code instructions for the thing being talked about).

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