图形卡是否有自己的指令集? [英] Do graphic cards have instruction sets of their own?

问题描述

图形卡是否有自己的指令集? 我以为是这样，但是我一直在想它是否是专有的，或者是否存在某种开放标准.

Do graphic cards have instruction sets of their own? I assume they do, but I have been wondering if it is proprietary or if there is some sort of open standard.

每个GPU指令前面是否都有CPU指令，或者它是无缝的? 那就是OpenGL或DirectX通过CPU在驱动程序层上调用，然后在总线上发送GPU指令还是更复杂.

Is every GPU instruction preceded by a CPU instruction or is it seamless? That is does OpenGL or DirectX call on the driver layer via the CPU which then sends a GPU instruction down the bus or is it more elaborate.

推荐答案

是的.目前，AMD甚至提供了直至HD4000系列的规格.

Yes they do. AMD does even provide the specification up to the HD4000 series at the moment.

在这里看看: http://developer.amd .com/wordpress/media/2012/10/R700-Family_Instruction_Set_Architecture.pdf

还有一个名为Nouveau的开源项目，可以对NV指令集进行反向工程.

There is also a open source project called Nouveau that does reverse engineering of the NV instruction sets.

请注意，NVIDIA与AMD的体系结构稍有不同，因为它们不使用VLIW，而是使用标量执行(尽管在扭曲"或波前"中还另外分组了多个线程).

Note, that NVIDIA has a slightly different architecture than AMD, because they do not use VLIW but scalar execution (although multiple threads are additionally grouped in what is called a Warp or a Wavefront).

也不是每个OpenGL/Direct3D调用都映射到"GPU指令".例如，在绑定纹理时，驱动程序将仅设置适当的硬件寄存器，这些寄存器会告诉GPU使用哪个纹理内存进行采样.

Also not every OpenGL/Direct3D call does map to a "GPU instruction". For example when binding a texture the driver will only set appropriate hardware registers that tell the GPU which texture memory to use for sampling.

仅当在GPU上执行着色器或流处理内核时，才运行真实程序.

Real programs are only run when executing shaders or stream processing kernels on the GPU.

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