Tkinter-如何创建具有自动补全功能的组合框 [英] Tkinter - How to create a combo box with autocompletion

问题描述

是否可以创建一个组合框，当您在其中键入内容时，该组合框会使用列表中最接近的项目进行更新?

Is it possible to create a combobox that updates with the closest item in its list as you type into it?

例如:

A = ttk.Combobox()
A['values'] = ['Chris', 'Jane', 'Ben', 'Megan']

然后您在组合框中键入"Chr"，我希望它自动填写"Chris".

Then you type "Chr" into the combobox, I want it to automatically fill in "Chris".

推荐答案

tkinter Wiki包含代码作为自动完成的文本框，但是由于您需要组合框，因此可以使用

The tkinter wiki contains code for a auto-completion textbox, but since you want a combobox, you can use this code (you're looking for AutocompleteCombobox).

"""
tkentrycomplete.py

A Tkinter widget that features autocompletion.

Created by Mitja Martini on 2008-11-29.
Updated by Russell Adams, 2011/01/24 to support Python 3 and Combobox.
Updated by Dominic Kexel to use Tkinter and ttk instead of tkinter and tkinter.ttk
   Licensed same as original (not specified?), or public domain, whichever is less restrictive.
"""
import sys
import os
import Tkinter
import ttk

__version__ = "1.1"

# I may have broken the unicode...
Tkinter_umlauts=['odiaeresis', 'adiaeresis', 'udiaeresis', 'Odiaeresis', 'Adiaeresis', 'Udiaeresis', 'ssharp']

class AutocompleteEntry(Tkinter.Entry):
        """
        Subclass of Tkinter.Entry that features autocompletion.

        To enable autocompletion use set_completion_list(list) to define
        a list of possible strings to hit.
        To cycle through hits use down and up arrow keys.
        """
        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Entry, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()):  # Match case-insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if event.keysym == "Down":
                        self.autocomplete(1) # cycle to next hit
                if event.keysym == "Up":
                        self.autocomplete(-1) # cycle to previous hit
                if len(event.keysym) == 1 or event.keysym in Tkinter_umlauts:
                        self.autocomplete()

class AutocompleteCombobox(ttk.Combobox):

        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                """Use our completion list as our drop down selection menu, arrows move through menu."""
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)
                self['values'] = self._completion_list  # Setup our popup menu

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Combobox, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()): # Match case insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if len(event.keysym) == 1:
                        self.autocomplete()
                # No need for up/down, we'll jump to the popup
                # list at the position of the autocompletion

def test(test_list):
        """Run a mini application to test the AutocompleteEntry Widget."""
        root = Tkinter.Tk(className=' AutocompleteEntry demo')
        entry = AutocompleteEntry(root)
        entry.set_completion_list(test_list)
        entry.pack()
        entry.focus_set()
        combo = AutocompleteCombobox(root)
        combo.set_completion_list(test_list)
        combo.pack()
        combo.focus_set()
        # I used a tiling WM with no controls, added a shortcut to quit
        root.bind('<Control-Q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.bind('<Control-q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
        test_list = ('apple', 'banana', 'CranBerry', 'dogwood', 'alpha', 'Acorn', 'Anise' )
        test(test_list)

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