Tkinter - 如何创建具有自动完成功能的组合框 [英] Tkinter - How to create a combo box with autocompletion

问题描述

是否可以创建一个组合框，在您输入时更新其列表中最近的项目?

Is it possible to create a combobox that updates with the closest item in its list as you type into it?

例如:

A = ttk.Combobox()
A['values'] = ['Chris', 'Jane', 'Ben', 'Megan']

然后在组合框中输入Chr"，我希望它自动填写Chris".

Then you type "Chr" into the combobox, I want it to automatically fill in "Chris".

推荐答案

tkinter wiki 包含 代码 对于自动完成文本框，但由于您想要一个组合框，您可以使用 this 代码(您正在寻找 AutocompleteCombobox).

The tkinter wiki contains code for a auto-completion textbox, but since you want a combobox, you can use this code (you're looking for AutocompleteCombobox).

"""
tkentrycomplete.py

A Tkinter widget that features autocompletion.

Created by Mitja Martini on 2008-11-29.
Updated by Russell Adams, 2011/01/24 to support Python 3 and Combobox.
Updated by Dominic Kexel to use Tkinter and ttk instead of tkinter and tkinter.ttk
   Licensed same as original (not specified?), or public domain, whichever is less restrictive.
"""
import sys
import os
import Tkinter
import ttk

__version__ = "1.1"

# I may have broken the unicode...
Tkinter_umlauts=['odiaeresis', 'adiaeresis', 'udiaeresis', 'Odiaeresis', 'Adiaeresis', 'Udiaeresis', 'ssharp']

class AutocompleteEntry(Tkinter.Entry):
        """
        Subclass of Tkinter.Entry that features autocompletion.

        To enable autocompletion use set_completion_list(list) to define
        a list of possible strings to hit.
        To cycle through hits use down and up arrow keys.
        """
        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Entry, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()):  # Match case-insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if event.keysym == "Down":
                        self.autocomplete(1) # cycle to next hit
                if event.keysym == "Up":
                        self.autocomplete(-1) # cycle to previous hit
                if len(event.keysym) == 1 or event.keysym in Tkinter_umlauts:
                        self.autocomplete()

class AutocompleteCombobox(ttk.Combobox):

        def set_completion_list(self, completion_list):
                """Use our completion list as our drop down selection menu, arrows move through menu."""
                self._completion_list = sorted(completion_list, key=str.lower) # Work with a sorted list
                self._hits = []
                self._hit_index = 0
                self.position = 0
                self.bind('<KeyRelease>', self.handle_keyrelease)
                self['values'] = self._completion_list  # Setup our popup menu

        def autocomplete(self, delta=0):
                """autocomplete the Combobox, delta may be 0/1/-1 to cycle through possible hits"""
                if delta: # need to delete selection otherwise we would fix the current position
                        self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                else: # set position to end so selection starts where textentry ended
                        self.position = len(self.get())
                # collect hits
                _hits = []
                for element in self._completion_list:
                        if element.lower().startswith(self.get().lower()): # Match case insensitively
                                _hits.append(element)
                # if we have a new hit list, keep this in mind
                if _hits != self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = 0
                        self._hits=_hits
                # only allow cycling if we are in a known hit list
                if _hits == self._hits and self._hits:
                        self._hit_index = (self._hit_index + delta) % len(self._hits)
                # now finally perform the auto completion
                if self._hits:
                        self.delete(0,Tkinter.END)
                        self.insert(0,self._hits[self._hit_index])
                        self.select_range(self.position,Tkinter.END)

        def handle_keyrelease(self, event):
                """event handler for the keyrelease event on this widget"""
                if event.keysym == "BackSpace":
                        self.delete(self.index(Tkinter.INSERT), Tkinter.END)
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Left":
                        if self.position < self.index(Tkinter.END): # delete the selection
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                        else:
                                self.position = self.position-1 # delete one character
                                self.delete(self.position, Tkinter.END)
                if event.keysym == "Right":
                        self.position = self.index(Tkinter.END) # go to end (no selection)
                if len(event.keysym) == 1:
                        self.autocomplete()
                # No need for up/down, we'll jump to the popup
                # list at the position of the autocompletion

def test(test_list):
        """Run a mini application to test the AutocompleteEntry Widget."""
        root = Tkinter.Tk(className=' AutocompleteEntry demo')
        entry = AutocompleteEntry(root)
        entry.set_completion_list(test_list)
        entry.pack()
        entry.focus_set()
        combo = AutocompleteCombobox(root)
        combo.set_completion_list(test_list)
        combo.pack()
        combo.focus_set()
        # I used a tiling WM with no controls, added a shortcut to quit
        root.bind('<Control-Q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.bind('<Control-q>', lambda event=None: root.destroy())
        root.mainloop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
        test_list = ('apple', 'banana', 'CranBerry', 'dogwood', 'alpha', 'Acorn', 'Anise' )
        test(test_list)

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