当.gitignore中的父文件夹被排除时，包含一个任意嵌套的子文件夹 [英] Git Including an arbitrarily nested subfolder when its parent has been excluded in .gitignore

问题描述

我要排除文件夹a及其子文件夹，但要包括一个特定的子文件夹b，其中b可以是a下方某个子文件夹，并且尚未指定到b的确切路径.

I'm excluding a folder a and its subfolders, but want to have a specific subfolder b included, where b can be a subfolder somewhere below a, and the exact path to b has not been specified.

我的.gitignore包含以下行:

a/**
!a/**/b

但是这不起作用.尝试了上述方法的许多其他排列，包括来自堆栈溢出的其他文章，但似乎没有任何作用.

however this does not work. Have tried numerous other permutations of the above, including from other posts on stack overflow, but nothing appears to work.

关于stackoverflow的上一个问题涉及以下情况:可以显式声明子目录的路径.在此问题中，我要解决的情况是b可以是a下的任何子文件夹，而不是预定路径.

The previous question on stackoverflow deals with the situation where you can explicitly declare the path to the subdirectory. In this question, the situation I'm addressing is where b can be any subfolder underneath a, and not a predetermined path.

此外，较早的解决方案要求您取消忽略"每个父目录中您要取消忽略"的任何内容.但是，在这种情况下，我试图创建一个通用规则，该规则允许该子目录不影响其在目录树中的位置.因此，较早的解决方案在这种情况下不起作用/不适用.

Further the earlier solution requires you to "unignore" every parent directory of anything that you want to "unignore". However in this case I'm trying to create a generic rule that allows this subdirectory without bothering about where it is in the directory tree. So the earlier solution does not work/apply in this situation.

推荐答案

如果告诉git忽略目录，它将完全忽略该目录中的所有内容.这意味着git无法匹配您的排除对象，因为git根本不在关注它.

If you tell git to ignore a directory, it will completely ignore everything inside that directory. This means git cannot match your exclude because git is simply not looking at it.

以有意义的方式使用排除的唯一方法是针对单个目录，在该目录中，您将忽略除以下文件夹以外的所有内容:

The only way to use excludes in a meaningful way is for a single directory, where you ignore everything but some folder like this:

/some/path/*
!/some/path/foo

这将忽略除foo直接位于/some/path下的所有条目.

This will ignore all entries but foo directly under /some/path.

但是，在大多数情况下，只显式地忽略事物比使用排除要清楚得多.

But, most of the time it is much clearer to just explicitly ignore things than using excludes.

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