是否可以在XTerm或Konsole中使stdout和stderr输出具有不同的颜色？ [英] Is it possible to make stdout and stderr output be of different colors in XTerm or Konsole?

问题描述

它甚至可以实现吗？

我希望命令stderr的输出以不同于stdout的颜色呈现（例如，红色）。

I would like the output from a command’s stderr to be rendered in a different color than stdout (for example, in red).

我需要进行这样的修改才能在Linux上的Konsole，XTerm或GNOME Terminal终端仿真器中使用Bash shell。

I need such a modification to work with the Bash shell in the Konsole, XTerm, or GNOME Terminal terminal emulators on Linux.

推荐答案

这是一个结合了已经提出的一些好主意的解决方案。

Here's a solution that combines some of the good ideas already presented.

在bash脚本中创建一个函数：

Create a function in a bash script:

color() ( set -o pipefail; "$@" 2>&1>&3 | sed $'s,.*,\e[31m&\e[m,' >&2 ) 3>&1

像

$ color command -program -args

它将以红色显示命令的 stderr 。

It will show the command's stderr in red.

请继续阅读以了解其工作原理。此命令演示了一些有趣的功能。

Keep reading for an explanation of how it works. There are some interesting features demonstrated by this command.

• color（）... —创建一个bash函数，称为color。


• set -o pipefail —这是一个shell选项，可保留其输出的错误返回代码被传送到另一个命令。这是在由括号创建的子外壳中完成的，以免更改外壳中的pipefail选项。


• $ @ —将函数的参数作为新命令执行。 $ @ 等同于 $ 1 $ 2 ...


• 2>& 1 —重定向 stderr 命令到 stdout ，使其成为 sed 的 stdin 。


• & 3 — 1>&的简写; 3 ，这会将 stdout 重定向到新的临时文件描述符 3 。 3 之后又路由回 stdout 。


• sed ... —由于上面的重定向， sed 的 stdin 为已执行命令的 stderr 。它的功能是用颜色代码包围每行。


• $'...'一种bash构造，可使其理解反斜杠。 -转义字符


• 。* —匹配整行。


• \e [31m —使以下字符变为红色的ANSI转义序列


• & — sed 替换字符，扩展为整个匹配的字符串（在本例中为整行）。


• \e [m —重设颜色的ANSI转义序列。


• & 2 — 1>& 2 的简写，这将重定向 sed 的 stdout 到 stderr 。


• 3& 1 —将临时文件描述符 3 重定向回 stdout 。

• color()... — Creates a bash function called color.
• set -o pipefail — This is a shell option that preserves the error return code of a command whose output is piped into another command. This is done in a subshell, which is created by the parentheses, so as not to change the pipefail option in the outer shell.
• "$@" — Executes the arguments to the function as a new command. "$@" is equivalent to "$1" "$2" ...
• 2>&1 — Redirects the stderr of the command to stdout so that it becomes sed's stdin.
• >&3 — Shorthand for 1>&3, this redirects stdout to a new temporary file descriptor 3. 3 gets routed back into stdout later.
• sed ... — Because of the redirects above, sed's stdin is the stderr of the executed command. Its function is to surround each line with color codes.
• $'...' A bash construct that causes it to understand backslash-escaped characters
• .* — Matches the entire line.
• \e[31m — The ANSI escape sequence that causes the following characters to be red
• & — The sed replace character that expands to the entire matched string (the entire line in this case).
• \e[m — The ANSI escape sequence that resets the color.
• >&2 — Shorthand for 1>&2, this redirects sed's stdout to stderr.
• 3>&1 — Redirects the temporary file descriptor 3 back into stdout.

这里是同一概念的扩展，也使STDOUT变为绿色：

Here's an extension of the same concept that also makes STDOUT green:

function stdred() (
    set -o pipefail;
    (
        "$@" 2>&1>&3 |
        sed $'s,.*,\e[31m&\e[m,' >&2
    ) 3>&1 |
    sed $'s,.*,\e[32m&\e[m,'
)

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