git checkout< branch_name>之间有什么区别吗?和git checkout -b< branch_name> [英] Is there any difference between git checkout <branch_name> and git checkout -b <branch_name>

问题描述

我是git的新手，所以我要进行拳头提交，为此，我通过输入git checkout my_branch创建了一个分支.但是在文档中看到它被使用后git checkout -b my_branch

I'm very new to git so I'm about to make my fist commit, so for this I have created a branch by typing git checkout my_branch .This worked fine. But after I saw in the documentation that It is used git checkout -b my_branch

两者之间有什么区别吗?

Is there any difference between those?

推荐答案

是:

$ git checkout asdfadsf
error: pathspec 'asdfasdf' did not match any file(s) known to git

此操作失败，因为我没有有分支asdfasdf. Git尝试将asdfasdf当作文件名，而我也不也有一个名为asdfasdf的文件.

This failed because I don't have a branch asdfasdf. Git tried to treat asdfasdf as a file name, and I don't have a file named asdfasdf either.

$ git checkout -b asdfasdf
Switched to a new branch 'asdfasdf'

此操作成功并创建了一个新分支.

This succeeded and created a new branch.

另一方面，我没有有一个名为maint的分支，但是:

On the other hand, I don't have a branch named maint, and yet:

$ git checkout maint
Branch 'maint' set up to track remote branch 'maint' from 'origin'.
Switched to a new branch 'maint'

这也创建了一个 new 分支maint.但是请注意它看起来有什么不同.它仍然显示Switched to a new branch，但是 first 它显示Branch 'maint' set up to track remote branch 'maint' from 'origin'.

This, too, created a new branch, maint. But notice how it looks different. It still says Switched to a new branch, but first it says Branch 'maint' set up to track remote branch 'maint' from 'origin'.

其背后的原因有些复杂，但可以归结为:

The reasoning behind this is a little complicated, but it boils down to this:

• 没有 -b，如果您请求一个没有的分支，Git将尝试一些替代方法.其中一些可能有效！当按maint的方式工作时，新分支已经设置了上游.
• 使用 -b，Git会创建分支，而不会提出任何问题(前提是可以创建一个新分支).新分支不会设置为上游.如果您已经有分支机构，则会收到错误消息.

• Without -b, if you ask for a branch that you don't have, Git will try some alternatives. Some of them may work! When it works the way maint did here, the new branch has an upstream set already.
• With -b, Git will just create the branch, no questions asked (provided that creating a new branch is possible). The new branch won't be set up with an upstream. If you already have the branch, you get an error.

如果您想要一个带有上游集的分支(例如，如果有一个origin/feature/x123并且您想要创建自己的feature/x123来进行匹配)，则不要需要-b选项，因为这不会搜索上游的origin/feature/x123.如果您不想要上游集，则不想要-b选项.

If you want a branch with an upstream set—for instance, if there's an origin/feature/x123 and you want your own feature/x123 created to match—you don't want the -b option, because that won't do the search for an upstream origin/feature/x123. If you don't want an upstream set, you do want the -b option.

(是否以及何时需要您的上游集是一个单独的问题.在StackOverflow中搜索现有答案.)

(Whether and when you want the upstream set for you is a separate question. Search StackOverflow for the existing answers.)

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