GSM网络运营商可以访问设备固件版本吗? [英] Can a GSM network operator access device firmware version?
问题描述
GSM网络运营商可以访问设备固件版本吗?
Can a GSM network operator access the device firmware version?
据我所知，他们可以阅读IMSI和IMEI或扩展的IMEI，即IMEI-SV，它编码某种版本编号(但并非所有制造商都使用.
As far as I know they can read IMSI and IMEI or the extended IMEI namely IMEI-SV which encodes some sort of version numbering (but is not used by all manufacturers.
电信提供商可以通过任何其他方式获取调制解调器的固件版本或以某种方式查询设备吗?
Can a telecommunication provider by any other means derive the firmware version of the modem or somehow query the devices?
可以使用AT命令吗?是否可以大规模执行它们以查询具有数百万个设备的整个网络(如果这会给出固件版本号)
Could AT commandas be used? Can they be executed at scale to query a whole network with millions of devices (if this would give the firmware version number)
推荐答案
首先，值得一提的是，下面的大多数讨论一般都与移动网络有关，而不仅仅是"GSM"网络.
Firstly, it's worth saying that most of the discussion below is related to mobile networks in general, rather than just a 'GSM' network.
大多数运营商拥有共享和混合'2G'，'3G''4G等网络技术的网络，甚至这些术语也不是严格的定义(有关不同代网络和通用命名的更多背景信息，请参见: https://stackoverflow.com/a/25592213/334402 )
Most operators have networks that share and mix technology from '2G', '3G' '4G etc networks and even these terms are not strict definitions (see for some more background on the different generation networks and common naming: https://stackoverflow.com/a/25592213/334402 )
3GPP是大多数移动网络背后的标准机构，已经讨论了设备管理，并且至少存在一些涵盖诸如固件和OS版本等详细信息的草稿-例如:
3GPP, the standards body behind most mobile networks, has discussed device management and there exist at least some drafts which cover details like firmware and OS version etc - for example:
- 3GPP TR 32.802-用户设备管理(UEM)可行性研究开放移动联盟(Open Mobile Alliance)还制定了设备管理规范，这可能具有更大的吸引力.您会看到固件版本包含在其规格所涵盖的数据中:
The Open Mobile Alliance has also developed a specification for device management and this likely has more traction. You can see that the firmware version is included in the data covered in their specifications:
- OMA设备管理标准化对象- https://www.openmobilealliance.org/release/DM/V1_2-20070209-A/OMA-TS-DM_StdObj-V1_2-20070209-A.pdf
固件"一词也有些含糊-如果您想要使用手机和iPad的OS版本以及与网络的连接感觉，则可以在更高层次上工作并查看其中的标题.来自设备的HTTP请求，特别是在用户代理字符串处.例如，来自iPhone上的浏览器的查询可能包括:
The term firmware is also a little ambiguous - if what you want is a feel for the OS version of mobile phone and iPads etc connection to the network, you may be able to work at a higher level and look at the headers in HTTP requests from the devices, specifically at the User Agent string. For example, a query from a browser on an iPhone might include:
Mozilla/5.0(iPhone； CPU iPhone OS 10_3_1，例如Mac OS X)AppleWebKit/603.1.30(KHTML，例如Gecko)版本/10.0移动版/14E304 Safari/602.1
Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_1 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.1.30 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 Mobile/14E304 Safari/602.1
(在此处查看更多示例: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/User-Agent )
(see more examples here: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/User-Agent)
特别是对于调制解调器，还值得一提的是用于管理CPE(客户内部设备)的TR-069规范.该规范来自宽带世界，由ISP驱动，宽带运营商需要在其客户住宅和场所中管理无线(和有线)调制解调器.它也内置在某些GSM调制解调器中，因此也应注意-规格在这里:
For Modems in particular, it is also worth mentioning the TR-069 specification for managing CPE (Customer Premise Equipment). This spec is from the broadband world and driven by ISP and Broadband operators need to manage wireless (and wired) modems in their customers homes and premises. It is also built into some GSM modems so worth being aware of also - spec is here:
请注意，以上链接在撰写本文时是正确的-如果损坏，只需搜索规格编号即可.
Note, links above are correct at time of writing - if broken just search for the spec numbers.
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