为什么bash brace扩展在某些算术表达式中起作用而在其他算术表达式中却不起作用? [英] Why does bash brace expansion work in some arithmetic expressions but not others?

问题描述

我正在处理一个非常简单的bash脚本，我低估了为什么不赞成使用的$ []可以正常工作，而$(())似乎破坏了整个问题.

I am working on a very simple bash script and I'm having a problem with understating why deprecated $[] is working flawlessly, while $(()) seems to break the whole thing.

我所指的代码是:

for i in {1..10};
do 
    printf %4d $[{1..10}*i]
    echo
done

在此版本中，我没有任何问题，但是我不想使用不推荐使用的bash元素，这就是为什么我想切换到$(())的原因.

In this version I am having no issues, yet I wouldn't like to use deprecated bash elements, that's why I wanted to switch to $(()).

不幸的是，一旦我将代码更改为:

Unfortunately, as soon as I change my code to:

printf %4d $(({1..10}*i))

我收到一个错误:

./script_bash.sh: line 8: {1..10}*i: syntax error: argument expected (error token is "{1..10}*i")

感谢您对此提供的帮助...

I'd be thankful for some help with this one...

推荐答案

设置1990年的退回机器方式.

Setting the way back machine for 1990.

Bash根据POSIX P1003.2d9(大约在1990年)实现了 $ [] 语法，这是已发布的P1003.2-1992的草案.在草稿和标准之间的两年中，POSIX决定使用ksh88 $(())语法和行为.Chet Ramey(bash维护者)这样说，返回2012 :

Bash implemented the $[] syntax per POSIX P1003.2d9 (circa 1990), which was a draft of the released P1003.2-1992. In the two years between draft and standard, POSIX had instead settled on the ksh88 $(()) syntax and behaviors. Chet Ramey (bash maintainer) had this to say, back in 2012:

Bash ...实现了$ [...]，因为没有其他选项当时的语法，并获得一些操作经验外壳中的算术扩展.Bash-1.14 ...列出了两种形式的算术扩展，但是通过当bash-2.0于1995年发布时，该手册仅涉及$((...))表格.

Bash... implemented $[...] because there was no other syntax at the time, and to gain some operational experience with arithmetic expansion in the shell. Bash-1.14... lists both forms of arithmetic expansion, but by the time bash-2.0 was released in 1995, the manual referred only to the $((...)) form.

这向我表明， $ [] 形式是实验性，并且它具有某些行为(例如括号扩展)，当POSIX采用 $(())语法.这些实验行为被遗忘了，因为野外已经有脚本依赖它们了(记住已经过去了两年多.)

This suggests to me that the $[] form was experimental, and it had certain behaviors (like brace expansion) that were specified into oblivion when POSIX adopted the $(()) syntax. Those experimental behaviors were left in, since there were already scripts in the wild relying on them (remember more than 2 years had elapsed).

Chet在同一线程中清楚地表明 $ [] 形式已过时，但尚未弃用:

Chet makes clear in that same thread that the $[] form is obsolete, but not deprecated:

现在，继续拖动$ [...]语法几乎没有问题.它只需要几十个字节的代码.我没有删除它的计划.

Now, it's hardly any problem to keep dragging the $[...] syntax along. It takes only a few dozen bytes of code. I have no plans to remove it.

当前的POSIX标准，C.2.6单词扩展>算术扩展提到语法(重点是我的):

The current POSIX standard, C.2.6 Word Expansions > Arithmetic Expansion mentions the syntax (emphasis mine):

在早期建议中，使用$ [expression]形式.它在功能上等同于当前文本的"$(())" ，但是有人提出反对意见，认为1988年的KornShell已经实现了"$(())"，并且没有令人信服的理由发明另一种语法.此外，"$ []"语法与case语句中的模式存在较小的不兼容性.

In early proposals, a form $[expression] was used. It was functionally equivalent to the "$(())" of the current text, but objections were lodged that the 1988 KornShell had already implemented "$(())" and there was no compelling reason to invent yet another syntax. Furthermore, the "$[]" syntax had a minor incompatibility involving the patterns in case statements.

因此，bash中实现的行为并不完全符合规范，但是由于没有计划将其删除，因此，如果它能巧妙地解决您的问题，我认为没有理由放弃它的好处.但是，正如@Barmar的评论所指出的那样，对代码进行注释并在此处链接是一个好主意，以便将来的开发人员知道您的意思！

So the as-implemented behavior in bash isn't quite to specification, but since there are no plans to remove it, I see no reason to forgo its benefits if it neatly solves your problem. However, as pointed out by @Barmar's comment, it'd be A Good Idea to comment the code and link it here so future developers know what the heck you mean!

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