Spring Boot DataJpaTest单元测试恢复为H2而不是mySql [英] Spring Boot DataJpaTest unit test reverting to H2 instead of mySql

问题描述

我有一个简单的小型"hello world" Spring Boot应用程序.它只有一个实体("IssueReport")，并且配置为运行mySQL(而不是默认的H2嵌入式数据库).

I've got a simple little "hello world" Spring Boot app. It has a single entity ("IssueReport") and it's configured to run mySQL (instead of the default H2 embedded database).

应用程序本身运行正常.我创建了一个mySql数据库和用户，Spring Boot/Hibernate创建了该表，并在运行该应用程序时成功填充并读取了mySQL数据.生活是美好的-mySQL和Spring Boot应用程序本身没有问题.

The app itself runs fine. I created a mySql database and user, Spring Boot/Hibernate created the table and successfully populates and reads the mySQL data when I run the app. Life is Good - there are no problems with mySQL and my Spring Boot app itself.

问:现在如何在单元测试中使用mySQL(而不是嵌入式H2)?

Q: Now how do I use mySQL (instead of the embedded H2) in unit tests?

1. 我创建了另一个单独的mySQL数据库: test2_test_db .

我正在使用Spring Boot 2.0.6;STS 3.9.6上的Eclipse Photon；Ubuntu Linux.

I'm using Spring Boot 2.0.6; Eclipse Photon on STS 3.9.6; Ubuntu Linux.

我在 src/test/resources/中创建了 application-test.properties :

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test2_test_db
spring.datasource.username=springuser
spring.datasource.password=springuser
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create

这是整个单元测试:

Here's the entire unit test:

package com.hellospring.example;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import java.util.List;
import javax.transaction.Transactional;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.TestEntityManager;
import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import com.hellospring.example.entity.IssueReport;
import com.hellospring.example.repositories.IssueRepository;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Transactional
@DataJpaTest
public class IssueRepositoryIntegrationTests {

     @Autowired
     private TestEntityManager entityManager;

     @Autowired
     private IssueRepository issueRepository;

     @Test
     public void addNewIssue() {
         System.out.println("addNewIssue()...");  // <-- This prints in the console
         final String email = "[e-mail]";
         List<IssueReport> resultSet = issueRepository.findAll();  // <-- We get an exception in here...
     }  
}

这是控制台错误:

Here's the console error:

2018-10-25 22:20:16.381  INFO 13637 --- [           main] c.v.e.IssueRepositoryIntegrationTests    : The following profiles are active: test
2018-10-25 22:20:16.405  INFO 13637 --- [           main] s.c.a.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext@d554c5f: startup date [Thu Oct 25 22:20:16 PDT 2018]; root of context hierarchy
2018-10-25 22:20:17.059  INFO 13637 --- [           main] beddedDataSourceBeanFactoryPostProcessor : Replacing 'dataSource' DataSource bean with embedded version
2018-10-25 22:20:17.060  INFO 13637 --- [           main] o.s.b.f.s.DefaultListableBeanFactory     : Overriding bean definition for bean 'dataSource' with a different definition: replacing [Root bean: class [null]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=3; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari; factoryMethodName=dataSource; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=(inferred); defined in class path resource [org/springframework/boot/autoconfigure/jdbc/DataSourceConfiguration$Hikari.class]] with [Root bean: class [org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.jdbc.TestDatabaseAutoConfiguration$EmbeddedDataSourceFactoryBean]; scope=; abstract=false; lazyInit=false; autowireMode=0; dependencyCheck=0; autowireCandidate=true; primary=false; factoryBeanName=null; factoryMethodName=null; initMethodName=null; destroyMethodName=null]
2018-10-25 22:20:17.308  INFO 13637 --- [           main] o.s.j.d.e.EmbeddedDatabaseFactory        : Starting embedded database: url='jdbc:h2:mem:979b3ce9-604e-4efd-a6d4-79576c3d67e9;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=false', username='sa'
2018-10-25 22:20:17.685  INFO 13637 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Building JPA container EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
  ...  <= I do *NOT* want H2!  I want mySQL!

2018-10-25 22:20:19.315  WARN 13637 --- [           main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : SQL Error: 42102, SQLState: 42S02
2018-10-25 22:20:19.316 ERROR 13637 --- [           main] o.h.engine.jdbc.spi.SqlExceptionHelper   : Table "ISSUE_REPORT" not found; SQL statement:
  ...  <= Here's the exception from running the test...

问:最简单的更改是什么，以便我可以使用mySQL运行单元测试，就像我可以使用mySQL运行Spring Boot应用一样?

Q: What's the EASIEST change so I can run my unit tests with mySQL, just as I'm able to run my Spring Boot app with mySQL?

问:"@ DataJpaTest"是这里的最佳选择，还是我应该尝试其他注释?

Q: Is "@DataJpaTest" the best choice here, or should I try a different annotation?

问:我必须创建一个单独的"Bean"类吗?如果是这样，您能举个例子吗?

Q: Must I create a separate "Bean" class? If so, can you point to an example?

=================================================================

================================================================

感谢您的所有答复.包括西蒙·马丁内利(Simon Martinelli)(现已删除)的回复.

Thank you for all your replies. Including Simon Martinelli's (now deleted) response.

解决方案:

1. 我原来的 application-test.properties 可以正常使用.

我将其放置在错误的位置:任何配置文件的 all application.properties文件通常应放在同一项目文件夹中: src/主要/资源

I put it in the wrong place: all application.properties files for any profile should typically go in the same project folder: src/main/resources

< =示例: src/main/resources/application-test.properties

@Transactional 与此处无关-我将其删除.我将其保留为 @ActiveProfiles("test").

@Transactional wasn't relevant here - I removed it. I kept it @ActiveProfiles("test").

根据Karthik R的建议，我添加了 @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace = Replace.NONE).

Per Karthik R's suggestion, I added @AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace=Replace.NONE).

此时，测试成功读取了 application-test.properties 并使用MySQL代替了H2.

At that point, the test successfully read application-test.properties and used MySQL instead of H2.

最终注释:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace=Replace.NONE)
public class IssueRepositoryIntegrationTests {

我发现此链接特别有用:

I found this link particularly helpful: Spring Boot – Profile based properties and yaml example

< =我一直在 http://www.mkyong.com 上找到所有资料.好！

<= I've always found all the material on http://www.mkyong.com extremely good!

推荐答案

默认情况下， @DataJpaTest 在内存H2数据库中用于回购测试.如果需要使用实际的数据库，则可以考虑禁用自动配置，也可以使用启用了整个应用程序Web MVC的 @SpringBootTest .

By default, the @DataJpaTest uses in memory H2 database for repo tests. Should you need to use the actual DB, you can consider either to disable the auto Configurations or use @SpringBootTest where the whole application web mvc is enabled.

要禁用自动配置:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@ActiveProfiles("test")
@Transactional
@DataJpaTest
@AutoConfigureTestDatabase(replace=Replace.NONE)
public class IssueRepositoryIntegrationTests 

@AutoConfigureTestDatabase 为您配置测试H2 DB.您可以在上面特别提及不使用，也可以将此自动配置排除为:

@AutoConfigureTestDatabase configures the test H2 DB for you. You can specifically mention not to by above or you can exclude this auto configuration as :

@EnableAutoConfiguration(exclude=AutoConfigureTestDatabase.class)

附言::我还没有尝试过上述排除方法.

P.S: : I have not tried the above exclusion myself yet.

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