使用 NGINX 重写 URL [英] Rewrite URL with NGINX

问题描述

我有一个用 php 编码的博客，有几篇文章，但要阅读帖子，网址应该类似于 http://myblog/post.php?url=an-article-tilte&id=7.

I have a blog coded with php with several articles, but to read a post the url should be like http://myblog/post.php?url=an-article-tilte&id=7.

我想用最聪明的方式来访问带有 url 的文章(并改进引用).在我的数据库中，每篇文章都有一个 url 属性，该属性在 'kebab-case'(例如，欢迎来到我的博客"将是欢迎来到我的博客").

I want to make a smartest way to access articles with their url (and to improve the referencing). In my database, each article has an url attribute that contains its title in 'kebab-case' (eg. 'Welcome to my blog' will be 'welcome-to-my-blog').

总而言之，要访问欢迎来到我的博客"帖子(id 等于 7)，我会输入 http://myblog.com/post/welcome-to-my-blog-7 而不是 http://myblog.com/post.php?url=welcome-to-my-blog&id=7 .

To sum up, to access the 'Welcome to my blog' post (with id equal to 7) I would type http://myblog.com/post/welcome-to-my-blog-7 and not http://myblog.com/post.php?url=welcome-to-my-blog&id=7 .

在我的博客 nginx 配置文件中，我有这个:

In my blog nginx configuration file I have this :

server {
    listen   80;
    root /opt/http/nginx/sites/myblog/www;
    index index.php index.html;
    server_name myblog.com www.myblog.com;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php;
    }

    location ~*  \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 365d;
    }

    location ~*  \.(pdf)$ {
        expires 30d;
    }

    client_max_body_size 3M;

    error_page 403 /index.php;

    # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on /var/run/php5-fpm.sock
    location ~ \.php$ {
        try_files $uri =404;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
        fastcgi_index index.php;
        fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        include fastcgi_params;
    }

    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length  1100;
    gzip_buffers  4 32k;
    gzip_types    text/plain application/x-javascript text/xml text/css;
    gzip_vary on;

    access_log   /var/log/nginx/www.myblog.access.log;
    error_log   /var/log/nginx/www.myblog.error.log;
}

而且我想我必须放入这样的东西，但是当我尝试重新启动 nginx 时会出错.所以我不知道它有什么问题.

And I guess I have to put inside something like this, but it makes an error when I try to restart nginx. So I don't know what's wrong in it.

location @rewrites {
    if ($uri ~* ^/post/([a-zA-Z0-0\-]+)-([0-9]+)) {
        rewrite ^/post.php?url=$1&id=$2;
    }
}

使用 apache 很容易，但有没有办法在 nginx 上重现它?

With apache it was easy, but is there a way to reproduce it on nginx?

推荐答案

我认为问题是缺少美元 $ 来关闭正则表达式字符串，您无论如何都可以将规则重写如下:

I think the problem is the missing dollar $ to close the regex string, you can anyhow rewrite your rule as following:

location /post/ {
    rewrite ^/post/([\w-]+)-(\d+)$ /post.php?url=$1&id=$2;
}

地点:

• \w 等价于 [a-zA-Z0-9_] (如果你喜欢去掉 unescore _ 在扩展中重写它版本)
• \d 是 [0-9]

• \w is equivalent to [a-zA-Z0-9_] (if you prefer remove unescore _ rewrite it in the extended version)
• \d is [0-9]

注意:如果你使用~*，它是一个不区分大小写的匹配(不需要双A-Za-z).

NOTE: if you use ~* it's a case insensitive match (the double A-Za-z is not needed).

更新:如果我正确理解你需要什么，我们必须重写规则来做相反的事情(向 post.php?url={kebab-title}&id={id-number} 并实际获取``post/{kebab-title}-{id-number}

UPDATE: if i understand correctly what do you need, we have to rewrite the rule to do the opposite (make a request to post.php?url={kebab-title}&id={id-number} and actually obtain the url of ``post/{kebab-title}-{id-number}

location ~ ^/post\.php\?url=(.*)&id=(\d*)$ {
    alias /post/$1-$2;
}

更新 2为了避免 /post/ 下不需要的匹配，您还可以使用此替代(更具体)版本:

UPDATE 2 to avoid unwanted matches under /post/ you can also use this alternative (more specific) version:

location ~ ^/post/((?:\w+-)+\w+)-(\d+)$ {
    rewrite /post.php?url=$1&id=$2;
}

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