根据 XSD 文件验证 XML 文件的最佳方法是什么? [英] What's the best way to validate an XML file against an XSD file?

问题描述

我正在生成一些需要符合给我的 xsd 文件的 xml 文件.验证它们是否符合要求的最佳方法是什么?

I'm generating some xml files that needs to conform to an xsd file that was given to me. What's the best way to verify they conform?

推荐答案

Java 运行时库支持验证.上次我检查这是幕后的 Apache Xerces 解析器.您可能应该使用 javax.xml.验证.验证器.

The Java runtime library supports validation. Last time I checked this was the Apache Xerces parser under the covers. You should probably use a javax.xml.validation.Validator.

import javax.xml.XMLConstants;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
import javax.xml.validation.*;
import java.net.URL;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
//import java.io.File; // if you use File
import java.io.IOException;
...
URL schemaFile = new URL("http://host:port/filename.xsd");
// webapp example xsd: 
// URL schemaFile = new URL("http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd");
// local file example:
// File schemaFile = new File("/location/to/localfile.xsd"); // etc.
Source xmlFile = new StreamSource(new File("web.xml"));
SchemaFactory schemaFactory = SchemaFactory
    .newInstance(XMLConstants.W3C_XML_SCHEMA_NS_URI);
try {
  Schema schema = schemaFactory.newSchema(schemaFile);
  Validator validator = schema.newValidator();
  validator.validate(xmlFile);
  System.out.println(xmlFile.getSystemId() + " is valid");
} catch (SAXException e) {
  System.out.println(xmlFile.getSystemId() + " is NOT valid reason:" + e);
} catch (IOException e) {}

模式工厂常量是定义 XSD 的字符串 http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema.上面的代码根据 URL http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd 验证 WAR 部署描述符，但您可以同样轻松地针对本地文件进行验证.

The schema factory constant is the string http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema which defines XSDs. The above code validates a WAR deployment descriptor against the URL http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd but you could just as easily validate against a local file.

您不应该使用 DOMParser 来验证文档(除非您的目标是创建文档对象模型).这将在解析文档时开始创建 DOM 对象 - 如果您不打算使用它们，那就太浪费了.

You should not use the DOMParser to validate a document (unless your goal is to create a document object model anyway). This will start creating DOM objects as it parses the document - wasteful if you aren't going to use them.

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