验收测试和功能测试的区别? [英] Difference between acceptance test and functional test?

问题描述

验收测试和功能测试之间的真正区别是什么?

What is the real difference between acceptance tests and functional tests?

每个项目的亮点或目标是什么?我读到的所有地方都非常相似.

What are the highlights or aims of each? Everywhere I read they are ambiguously similar.

推荐答案

在我的世界里，我们使用的术语如下:

In my world, we use the terms as follows:

功能测试:这是一项验证活动；我们是否构建了一个正常工作的产品?软件是否满足业务需求?

functional testing: This is a verification activity; did we build a correctly working product? Does the software meet the business requirements?

对于此类测试，我们的测试用例涵盖了我们能想到的所有可能场景，即使该场景不太可能在现实世界中"存在.在进行此类测试时，我们的目标是实现最大的代码覆盖率.我们使用当时我们可以抓住的任何测试环境，它不必是生产"口径，只要它可用即可.

For this type of testing we have test cases that cover all the possible scenarios we can think of, even if that scenario is unlikely to exist "in the real world". When doing this type of testing, we aim for maximum code coverage. We use any test environment we can grab at the time, it doesn't have to be "production" caliber, so long as it's usable.

验收测试:这是一项验证活动；我们是否构建了正确的东西?这是客户真正需要的吗?

acceptance testing: This is a validation activity; did we build the right thing? Is this what the customer really needs?

这通常是与客户合作完成的，或者由内部客户代理(产品负责人)完成.对于这种类型的测试，我们使用的测试用例涵盖了我们期望使用软件的典型场景.此测试必须在类似生产"的环境中进行，使用的硬件与客户将使用的硬件相同或接近.这是我们测试我们的能力"的时候:

This is usually done in cooperation with the customer, or by an internal customer proxy (product owner). For this type of testing we use test cases that cover the typical scenarios under which we expect the software to be used. This test must be conducted in a "production-like" environment, on hardware that is the same as, or close to, what a customer will use. This is when we test our "ilities":

• 可靠性、可用性:通过压力测试验证.

可扩展性:通过负载测试验证.

可用性:通过检查和向客户演示进行验证.UI 配置是否符合他们的喜好?我们是否将客户品牌放在所有正确的位置?我们是否拥有他们要求的所有字段/屏幕?

Usability: Validated via an inspection and demonstration to the customer. Is the UI configured to their liking? Did we put the customer branding in all the right places? Do we have all the fields/screens they asked for?

安全 (又名，安全性，只是为了适应):通过演示验证.有时，客户会聘请外部公司进行安全审计和/或入侵测试.

Security (aka, Securability, just to fit in): Validated via demonstration. Sometimes a customer will hire an outside firm to do a security audit and/or intrusion testing.

可维护性:通过演示我们将如何提供软件更新/补丁进行验证.

Maintainability: Validated via demonstration of how we will deliver software updates/patches.

可配置性:通过演示客户如何修改系统以满足他们的需求进行验证.

Configurability: Validated via demonstration of how the customer can modify the system to suit their needs.

这绝不是标准的，我认为没有标准"的定义，正如这里相互矛盾的答案所证明的那样.对您的组织而言，最重要的是准确定义这些术语并坚持使用.

This is by no means standard, and I don't think there is a "standard" definition, as the conflicting answers here demonstrate. The most important thing for your organization is that you define these terms precisely, and stick to them.

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