如何在 Python 中检查 ip 是否在网络中? [英] How can I check if an ip is in a network in Python?

问题描述

给定一个 IP 地址(比如 192.168.0.1)，我如何在 Python 中检查它是否在网络中(比如 192.168.0.0/24)?

Given an ip address (say 192.168.0.1), how do I check if it's in a network (say 192.168.0.0/24) in Python?

Python 中是否有用于 ip 地址操作的通用工具?诸如主机查找、IP 地址到 int、网络地址和网络掩码到 int 之类的东西?希望在 2.5 的标准 Python 库中.

Are there general tools in Python for ip address manipulation? Stuff like host lookups, ip adddress to int, network address with netmask to int and so on? Hopefully in the standard Python library for 2.5.

推荐答案

本文显示你可以用 socket 和 struct 模块，无需太多额外工作.我在文章中补充了一点:

This article shows you can do it with socket and struct modules without too much extra effort. I added a little to the article as follows:

import socket,struct

def makeMask(n):
    "return a mask of n bits as a long integer"
    return (2L<<n-1) - 1

def dottedQuadToNum(ip):
    "convert decimal dotted quad string to long integer"
    return struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]

def networkMask(ip,bits):
    "Convert a network address to a long integer" 
    return dottedQuadToNum(ip) & makeMask(bits)

def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
   "Is an address in a network"
   return ip & net == net

address = dottedQuadToNum("192.168.1.1")
networka = networkMask("10.0.0.0",24)
networkb = networkMask("192.168.0.0",24)
print (address,networka,networkb)
print addressInNetwork(address,networka)
print addressInNetwork(address,networkb)

输出:

False
True

如果你只想要一个接受字符串的函数，它看起来像这样:

If you just want a single function that takes strings it would look like this:

import socket,struct

def addressInNetwork(ip,net):
   "Is an address in a network"
   ipaddr = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(ip))[0]
   netaddr,bits = net.split('/')
   netmask = struct.unpack('L',socket.inet_aton(netaddr))[0] & ((2L<<int(bits)-1) - 1)
   return ipaddr & netmask == netmask

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