Java 实用程序类与服务 [英] Java Utility Class vs. Service

问题描述

在 Java 中实用程序类(具有静态方法的类)和服务类(具有提供服务"的公共方法的类)之间有什么区别.例如，有人可能会争辩说，一个加密对象(提供加密、解密、散列或获取盐值的方法)是一个服务提供者，但许多人将此功能分组为具有静态方法的实用程序类，如 CryptoUtil.encrypt(...)我试图找出哪种方式遵循更好的设计".想法?

What's the difference in Java between a utility class (a class with static methods) and a Service class (a class with public methods that provides a "service"). For example, one can argue that a cryptographic object (providing methods to encrypt, decrypt, hash or get a salt value) is a Service provider, but many group this functionality into a Utility class with static methods, like CryptoUtil.encrypt(...). I'm trying to figure out which way follows better "design". Thoughts?

推荐答案

使用不同的服务对象可以获得不同的行为.实用程序类中的静态方法不能换出.这对于测试、更改实现和其他目的非常有用.

Different behaviors can be obtained by using different service objects. Static methods in a utility class can't be swapped out. This is extremely useful for testing, changing implementations, and other purposes.

例如，您提到带有 encrypt 方法的 CryptoUtil.拥有可以支持不同加密策略、不同消息接收者等的不同对象会非常有用.

For example, you mention a CryptoUtil with an encrypt method. It would extremely useful to have different objects that could support different encryption strategies, different message recipients, etc.

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