如何下载 Torvalds Linux Kernel master，(重新)编译它，并用 QEMU 引导它? [英] How to download the Torvalds Linux Kernel master, (re)compile it, and boot it with QEMU?

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本文介绍了如何下载 Torvalds Linux Kernel master，(重新)编译它，并用 QEMU 引导它?的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

这几天，我正在做一个小项目，以了解内核编程.但是，我在网上看了很多，之前问过一个关于内核编译的问题，我还是觉得有些不知所措.

Since few days, I am working on a little project in order to discover the kernel programming. However, I read a lot on the internet and asked a question before about kernel compilation and I feel still lost at some point.

如果我需要进行一些内核编程，我认为使用 Linus Torvalds 的 Linux 源代码是最好的起点.所以我做了以下(来自 MacOS High Sierra):

If I need to do some kernel programming, I thought that use the Linus Torvalds's Linux sources would be the best point to start. So I did the following (From MacOS High Sierra):

  • 下载内核源:https://github.com/torvalds/linux
  • 解压
  • 启动终端并运行:
    • vagrant init
    • 流浪
    • vagrant ssh
    • cd/vagrant/linux 为了进入Linux源码解压文件夹
    • make menuconfig 我刚刚按下了确定/保存
    • sudo make -j 4 &&sudo make modules_install -j 4 &&sudo make install -j 4

    现在，我得到一个小错误:

    Now, I just get a little error:

    agrant @vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:/vagrant/Kernel-Programming/linx-kernel$ sudo make -j 4 && sudo make modules_install -j 4 && sudo make install -j 4
  CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
CHK     scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.h
CHK     include/generated/timeconst.h
CHK     include/generated/bounds.h
CHK     include/generated/asm-offsets.h
CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CHK     include/generated/compile.h
SKIPPED include/generated/compile.h
CC      my_syscalls/uptime.o
AR      my_syscalls/built-in.o
CC[M]  net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.o
In file included from net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:20:0:
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c: In function 'set_ect_ip':
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: error: 'XT_DSCP_MASK' undeclared(first use in this function)
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:33:18: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if ((iph->tos & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK) != (einfo->ip_ect & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)) {
                  ^
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:33:18: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if ((iph->tos & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK) != (einfo->ip_ect & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)) {
                  ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c: In function 'ecn_tg_check':
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: error: 'XT_DSCP_MASK' undeclared(first use in this function)
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:105:23: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if (einfo->ip_ect & ~IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)
{
                       ^
make[3]: *** [net / ipv4 / netfilter / ipt_ECN.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [net / ipv4 / netfilter] Error 2
make[1]: *** [net / ipv4] Error 2
make: *** [net] Error 2
make: ***Waiting for unfinished jobs....

    但是，我不知道这个错误是否会破坏一切.另外，即使编译完全正常，我如何测试我的新编译的 Linux"?因为我添加了一个系统调用，我想测试它是否有效......我发现了一些关于 update-initramfs 的信息，但我没有看到链接/点，因为我编译的内核不是一个 Ubuntu.

    However, I don't know if this error breaks everything at all or not. Also, even if the compilation is fully ok, how can I test my "new Linux compiled"? Because I added a syscall and I would like to test if it works or no ... I found something about update-initramfs but I don't see the link/point since my compiled kernel isn't an Ubuntu.

    推荐答案

    Buildroot

    https://buildroot.org/

    Buildroot 是一个很棒的方法.

    Buildroot is an awesome way to do this.

    在很少的命令中:

    • 下载 GCC 并生成交叉编译器
    • 下载 Linux 内核、ulibc 等并生成根映像
    • 下载 QEMU 并为您编译

    对于 aarch64，命令是:

    For aarch64 the commands are:

    git clone https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot
cd buildroot
git checkout 2018.02
make qemu_aarch64_virt_defconfig
printf '
BR2_CCACHE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_LINUX_USER_MODE=n
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_VDE2=y
' >>.config
make olddefconfig
time make BR2_JLEVEL="$(nproc)" HOST_QEMU_OPTS='--enable-sdl --with-sdlabi=2.0'
./output/host/usr/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 
  -M virt 
  -cpu cortex-a57 
  -nographic 
  -smp 1 
  -kernel output/images/Image 
  -append "root=/dev/vda console=ttyAMA0" 
  -netdev user,id=eth0 
  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=eth0 
  -drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext4,if=none,format=raw,id=hd0 
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 
;

    您现在处于 shell 状态，您可以使用用户名 root(无密码)登录.

    You are now left on a shell and you can login with username root (no password).

    QEMU 启动命令记录在 Buildroot 中:https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot/blob/2018.02/board/qemu/aarch64-virt/readme.txt

    The QEMU boot command is documented in Buildroot itself at: https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot/blob/2018.02/board/qemu/aarch64-virt/readme.txt

    然后要使用您自己的 Linux 内核源代码，您基本上只需要使用 LINUX_OVERRIDE_SRCDIR 如在以下位置解释的:如何修改Buildroot包的源码进行包开发?

    Then to use your own Linux kernel source, you basically just have to use LINUX_OVERRIDE_SRCDIR as explained at: How to modify the source of Buildroot packages for package development?

    然后基本上免费，您还可以:

    And then basically for free you also get a way to:

    我已经自动化并记录了所有这些事情在此 GitHub 存储库上.为了使内核开发更好，那:

    I have automated and documented all of those things on this GitHub repo. To make kernel development even better, that:

    • repo 直接编译内核而不是通过 Buildroot
    • 提供运行和 GDB 单步调试内核的快捷方式

    在以下位置提到的其他 ISA:https://cirosantilli.com/linux-kernel-module-cheat/#buildroot-hello-world

    Other ISAs mentioned at: https://cirosantilli.com/linux-kernel-module-cheat/#buildroot-hello-world

    在 Ubuntu 18.04 中测试.

    Tested in Ubuntu 18.04.

    这篇关于如何下载 Torvalds Linux Kernel master，(重新)编译它，并用 QEMU 引导它?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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