如何下载Torvalds Linux Kernel母版，(重新)编译它，并使用QEMU引导它? [英] How to download the Torvalds Linux Kernel master, (re)compile it, and boot it with QEMU?

查看：162 发布时间：2020/5/1 8:32:20 linux linux-kernel qemu macos-high-sierra

本文介绍了如何下载Torvalds Linux Kernel母版，(重新)编译它，并使用QEMU引导它?的处理方法，对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧！

问题描述

几天以来，我正在研究一个小项目，以发现内核编程.但是，我在互联网上看了很多书，并在询问有关内核编译的问题之前，仍然感到迷茫.

Since few days, I am working on a little project in order to discover the kernel programming. However, I read a lot on the internet and asked a question before about kernel compilation and I feel still lost at some point.

如果我需要做一些内核编程，我认为使用Linus Torvalds的Linux源代码将是最好的起点.因此，我做了以下(来自MacOS High Sierra):

If I need to do some kernel programming, I thought that use the Linus Torvalds's Linux sources would be the best point to start. So I did the following (From MacOS High Sierra):

下载内核的源代码: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
解压缩
启动一个终端并运行:
- vagrant init
- vagrant up
- vagrant ssh
- Download kernel's sources: https://github.com/torvalds/linux
- Unzipped it
- Launch a terminal and run:
  - vagrant init
  - vagrant up
  - vagrant ssh
  - cd /vagrant/linux 为了进入Linux源的未压缩文件夹
  - make menuconfig 我刚刚按了确定/保存
  - sudo make -j 4 && sudo make modules_install -j 4 && sudo make install -j 4
  - cd /vagrant/linux In order to get into the Linux sources unzipped folder
  - make menuconfig I just pressed ok/save
  - sudo make -j 4 && sudo make modules_install -j 4 && sudo make install -j 4
  现在，我得到一个小错误:
  
  Now, I just get a little error:
```
agrant @vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-64:/vagrant/Kernel-Programming/linx-kernel$ sudo make -j 4 && sudo make modules_install -j 4 && sudo make install -j 4
  CHK include/config/kernel.release
CHK     include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h
CHK     include/generated/utsrelease.h
CHK     scripts/mod/devicetable-offsets.h
CHK     include/generated/timeconst.h
CHK     include/generated/bounds.h
CHK     include/generated/asm-offsets.h
CALL    scripts/checksyscalls.sh
CHK     include/generated/compile.h
SKIPPED include/generated/compile.h
CC      my_syscalls/uptime.o
AR      my_syscalls/built-in.o
CC[M]  net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.o
In file included from net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:20:0:
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c: In function 'set_ect_ip':
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: error: 'XT_DSCP_MASK' undeclared(first use in this function)
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:33:18: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if ((iph->tos & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK) != (einfo->ip_ect & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)) {
                  ^
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: note: each undeclared identifier is reported only once for each function it appears in
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:33:18: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if ((iph->tos & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK) != (einfo->ip_ect & IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)) {
                  ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c: In function 'ecn_tg_check':
./include/uapi/linux/netfilter_ipv4/ipt_ECN.h:16:27: error: 'XT_DSCP_MASK' undeclared(first use in this function)
 #define IPT_ECN_IP_MASK (~XT_DSCP_MASK)
                           ^
net/ipv4/netfilter/ipt_ECN.c:105:23: note: in expansion of macro 'IPT_ECN_IP_MASK'
  if (einfo->ip_ect & ~IPT_ECN_IP_MASK)
{
                       ^
make[3]: *** [net / ipv4 / netfilter / ipt_ECN.o] Error 1
make[2]: *** [net / ipv4 / netfilter] Error 2
make[1]: *** [net / ipv4] Error 2
make: *** [net] Error 2
make: ***Waiting for unfinished jobs....
```
  但是，我不知道此错误是否破坏了一切.另外，即使编译完全可以，如何测试新的Linux编译"?因为我添加了一个syscall，并且我想测试它是否有效...我发现了关于update-initramfs的一些信息，但是由于编译的内核不是Ubuntu，所以看不到链接/指向.
  
  However, I don't know if this error breaks everything at all or not. Also, even if the compilation is fully ok, how can I test my "new Linux compiled"? Because I added a syscall and I would like to test if it works or no ... I found something about update-initramfs but I don't see the link/point since my compiled kernel isn't an Ubuntu.
  
  推荐答案
  
  Buildroot
  
  https://buildroot.org/
  
  Buildroot是一种很棒的方法.
  
  Buildroot is an awesome way to do this.
  
  在很少的命令中:
  - 下载GCC并生成交叉编译器
  - 下载Linux内核，ulibc等并生成根映像
  - 下载QEMU并为您进行编译
  对于aarch64，命令为:
  
  For aarch64 the commands are:
```
git clone https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot
cd buildroot
git checkout 2018.02
make qemu_aarch64_virt_defconfig
printf '
BR2_CCACHE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_LINUX_USER_MODE=n
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_SYSTEM_MODE=y
BR2_PACKAGE_HOST_QEMU_VDE2=y
' >>.config
make olddefconfig
time make BR2_JLEVEL="$(nproc)" HOST_QEMU_OPTS='--enable-sdl --with-sdlabi=2.0'
./output/host/usr/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 \
  -M virt \
  -cpu cortex-a57 \
  -nographic \
  -smp 1 \
  -kernel output/images/Image \
  -append "root=/dev/vda console=ttyAMA0" \
  -netdev user,id=eth0 \
  -device virtio-net-device,netdev=eth0 \
  -drive file=output/images/rootfs.ext4,if=none,format=raw,id=hd0 \
  -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0 \
;
```
  您现在位于外壳上，可以使用用户名root(无密码)登录.
  
  You are now left on a shell and you can login with username root (no password).
  
  QEMU引导命令在Buildroot本身中记录在:
  
  The QEMU boot command is documented in Buildroot itself at: https://github.com/buildroot/buildroot/blob/2018.02/board/qemu/aarch64-virt/readme.txt
  
  然后使用您自己的Linux内核源代码，您基本上只需要使用LINUX_OVERRIDE_SRCDIR，如以下说明所述:
  
  Then to use your own Linux kernel source, you basically just have to use LINUX_OVERRIDE_SRCDIR as explained at: How to modify the source of Buildroot packages for package development?
  
  然后基本上免费的话，您还可以找到一种方式:
  
  And then basically for free you also get a way to:
  - 通过创建您好，像这样的世界包装
  - 跨树编译内核模块，这是直接与内核交互而不接触主线树的好方法:
  - cross compile userland tests to see what your kernel is doing by creating a hello world package like this
  - cross compile kernel modules out of tree, which is a good way to interact with the kernel directly without touching the mainline tree: How to add a Linux kernel driver module as a Buildroot package?
  我已经自动化并记录了所有这些内容在此GitHub存储库上.为了使内核开发更好，
  
  I have automated and documented all of those things on this GitHub repo. To make kernel development even better, that:
  - repo可以直接编译内核，而不是通过Buildroot
  - 提供了运行和GDB逐步调试内核的快捷方式
  在以下位置提到的其他ISA: https://cirosantilli.com /linux-kernel-module-cheat/#buildroot-hello-world
  
  Other ISAs mentioned at: https://cirosantilli.com/linux-kernel-module-cheat/#buildroot-hello-world
  
  在Ubuntu 18.04中进行了测试.
  
  Tested in Ubuntu 18.04.
  
  这篇关于如何下载Torvalds Linux Kernel母版，(重新)编译它，并使用QEMU引导它?的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！

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如何下载Torvalds Linux Kernel母版，(重新)编译它，并使用QEMU引导它? [英] How to download the Torvalds Linux Kernel master, (re)compile it, and boot it with QEMU?

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如何下载Torvalds Linux Kernel母版，(重新)编译它，并使用QEMU引导它? [英] How to download the Torvalds Linux Kernel master, (re)compile it, and boot it with QEMU?

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