latexindent:自 macOS 11 Big Sur 起安装 File::HomeDir、Mac::SystemDirectory 时出现问题 [英] latexindent: trouble installing File::HomeDir, Mac::SystemDirectory since macOS 11 Big Sur
问题描述
在开始之前，我应该注意我在 macOS 10.15 Catalina 上从未遇到过这个问题，这个类似的线程没有解决问题，不幸的是.
Before I begin, I should note that I never had this problem on macOS 10.15 Catalina, and the responses in this similar thread did not solve the problem, unfortunately.
我在全新安装的 macOS 11 Big Sur 上尝试使用 latexindent，但遇到 File:HomeDir 问题:运行 latexindent 返回一个完整的错误列表，以 Can't locate File/HomeDir.pm in @INC 开头.我尝试使用 cpan 安装该模块，但最终得到以下结果:
I'm experimenting with latexindent on a fresh install of macOS 11 Big Sur and I'm having issues with File:HomeDir: running latexindent returns a whole list of errors, beginning with Can't locate File/HomeDir.pm in @INC. I've tried using cpan to install that module, but I end up with following:
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'File::HomeDir'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
Checking if your kit is complete...
Looks good
Warning: prerequisite Mac::SystemDirectory 0.04 not found.
Generating a Unix-style Makefile
Writing Makefile for File::HomeDir
Writing MYMETA.yml and MYMETA.json
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- OK
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
---- Unsatisfied dependencies detected during ----
---- REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz ----
Mac::SystemDirectory [requires]
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.c -o HASCOMPILERjIOx/TESTn6oE.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been unwrapped into directory /Users/myname/.cpan/build/File-HomeDir-1.006-2
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Has already been prepared
Running make for R/RE/REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Warning: Prerequisite 'Mac::SystemDirectory => 0.04' for 'REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz' failed when processing 'ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz' with 'writemakefile => NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400'. Continuing, but chances to succeed are limited.
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Driver.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/MacOS9.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Carbon.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin/Cocoa.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Windows.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/FreeDesktop.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Test.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Darwin.pm
cp lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm blib/lib/File/HomeDir/Unix.pm
Manifying 10 pod documents
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
/usr/bin/make -- OK
Running make test
PERL_DL_NONLAZY=1 "/usr/bin/perl" "-MExtUtils::Command::MM" "-MTest::Harness" "-e" "undef *Test::Harness::Switches; test_harness(0, 'blib/lib', 'blib/arch')" t/*.t xt/*.t
t/01_compile.t ........ 1/11 # Implemented by: File::HomeDir::Darwin
t/01_compile.t ........ ok
t/02_main.t ........... # $<: 501 -- $(: 20 20 12 61 79 80 81 98 701 33 100 204 250 395 398 399 400
t/02_main.t ........... ok
t/10_test.t ........... ok
t/11_darwin.t ......... ok
t/12_darwin_carbon.t .. skipped: Not running on 32-bit Darwin
t/13_darwin_cocoa.t ... skipped: Not running on Darwin with Cocoa API using Mac::SystemDirectory
t/20_empty_home.t ..... ok
All tests successful.
Files=7, Tests=90, 1 wallclock secs ( 0.04 usr 0.01 sys + 0.48 cusr 0.13 csys = 0.66 CPU)
Result: PASS
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
Tests succeeded but one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz
[dependencies] -- NA
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
REHSACK/File-HomeDir-1.006.tar.gz : make_test NO one dependency not OK (Mac::SystemDirectory)
我真的不太了解 perl，但在我看来，缺少 Mac::SystemDirectory，但是当我尝试安装它时，我得到了
I really don't know much about perl, but it seems to me that Mac::SystemDirectory is missing, When I try to install that, however, I get
Reading '/Users/myname/.cpan/Metadata'
Database was generated on Thu, 24 Dec 2020 05:41:03 GMT
Running install for module 'Mac::SystemDirectory'
Checksum for /Users/myname/.cpan/sources/authors/id/E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz ok
Scanning cache /Users/myname/.cpan/build for sizes
............................................................................DONE
'YAML' not installed, will not store persistent state
Configuring E/ET/ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz with Makefile.PL
HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c:2:10: fatal error: 'EXTERN.h' file not found
#include "EXTERN.h"
^~~~~~~~~~
1 error generated.
Couldn't execute cc -g -pipe -fno-strict-aliasing -fstack-protector-strong -DPERL_USE_SAFE_PUTENV -Os "-I/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE" -c HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.c -o HASCOMPILER5Emh/TESTS3W7.o: Inappropriate ioctl for device at Makefile.PL line 14.
Requires a compiler
Warning: No success on command[/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL]
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz
/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL -- NOT OK
Failed during this command:
ETHER/Mac-SystemDirectory-0.13.tar.gz : writemakefile NO '/usr/bin/perl Makefile.PL' returned status 6400
从这里看来，头文件 EXTERN.h 丢失了，但我不确定从这里去哪里.有没有人有任何想法或建议?我为巨大的代码块道歉——我认为最好包括所有可能的细节.非常感谢！
From this it seems that a header file EXTERN.h is missing, but I'm not sure where to go from here. Does anyone have any thoughts or suggestions? My apologies for the huge blocks of code - I figured it would be better to include all possible details. Thanks a lot!
注意:我在 LaTeX Stack Exchange 中发布了这个同样的问题，但我想我也会在这里问，因为这似乎是一个更广泛的 perl 问题.
Note: I posted this same question in the LaTeX Stack Exchange, but figured I would also ask here since it seems to be a broader perl issue.
推荐答案
总结一下对我有用的解决方案:问题是头文件 EXTERN.h 不在 CPATH 默认在 macOS 11 Big Sur 中.要解决此问题，请将包含 EXTERN.h 的目录添加到 CPATH:
To summarize the solution that worked for me: the issue is the header file EXTERN.h isn't on the CPATH by default in macOS 11 Big Sur. To fix this, add the directory containing EXTERN.h to CPATH:
export CPATH=/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/SDKs/MacOSX11.1.sdk/System/Library/Perl/5.28/darwin-thread-multi-2level/CORE:$CPATH
然后打开 cpan shell(只需输入 cpan 然后进入命令行)并输入 install Mac::SystemDirectory.此过程完成后，我还可以安装 File:HomeDir 和其他一些模块，以使 latexindent 正常工作.
Then open the cpan shell (just type cpan then enter into the command line) and type install Mac::SystemDirectory. After this process finished I was able to install File:HomeDir as well, and some other modules, to get latexindent working.
注意:在此之前我必须设置 cpan；只需打开外壳并按照说明操作就足够了.
Note: I had to set up cpan before I did this; just opening the shell and following the instructions was sufficient.
非常感谢 Håkon Hægland 的解决方案！
Thanks a lot to Håkon Hægland for the solution!
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