什么是C和C ++标准之间的关系？ [英] What is the Relationship Between the C and C++ Standards?

问题描述

我在写<一个href=\"https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5539249/why-transforms-begin-s-end-s-begin-tolower-cant-be-complied-successfu/37438120#37438120\">this回答我从<带引号的href=\"http://en.cp$p$pference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/tolower#Parameters\">http://en.cp$p$pference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/tolower#Parameters

  

不重presentable为unsigned char和不等于EOF，这种行为是未定义

当我去检查<一个href=\"http://en.cp$p$pference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp%2Fstring%2Fbyte%2Ftolower&diff=66149&oldid=65953\">the这又增加了这句话我发现编辑，作者的评论：

  

不能使用负号的字符，每个C99的任何文件ctype.h函数7.4 / 1

笔者是从C ++文档C99标准引用。是有效的？我找不到在C ++标准这个函数的定义任何东西，所以我必须假定它是有效的。

但是，这涉及到我有2个原因：

1. 我怎么知道是什么版本C标准的C ++标准取决于？


2. 还有的<一个列表href=\"http://programmers.stackexchange.com/questions/16390/what-are-the-fundamental-differences-between-c-and-c\">the C和C ++到处之间的差异。如果我期待在参照C中的标准C ++我怎么可能知道我在寻找该地区已被覆盖？

解决方案

对于第一个问题：

C ++标准明确列出了C标准（S），它依赖于它的规范性引用文件的部分。对于C ++ 14，[intro.refs] 1.2 / 1恰好C组99：

  

  
• ISO / IEC 9899：1999，的编程语言与MDASH; ç的

  
• ISO / IEC 9899：1999 / Cor.1：2001（E）的编程语言与MDASH; C，技术勘误1 的

  
• ISO / IEC 9899：1999 / Cor.2：2004（E）的编程语言与MDASH; C，技术勘误2 的

  
• ISO / IEC 9899：1999 / Cor.3：2007（E）的编程语言与MDASH; C，技术勘误3 的

  

对于第二个问题：

C ++标准不会隐结合的任何的C标准的部分;对C标准的所有引用是明确的。信息在何处C ++从C偏离的良好来源是附件C，C ++标准的兼容性，尤其是C.1 [diff.iso]

此外，对C标准库引用分散在整个C ++标准库的描述（章17 ndash的; 30在C ++ 14）。特别感兴趣的可以是：

• 17.2 LIBRARY.C]，它描述了C标准库的基本纳入


• 第18章[language.support]，它描述了许多＆LT的装置; c :::＆GT;标准库的C ++ 头（那些提供C标准库功能）。

I was writing this answer and I quoted from http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/string/byte/tolower#Parameters

Is not representable as unsigned char and does not equal EOF, the behavior is undefined

When I went to inspect the edit that had added this phrase I found that the author's comment:

Can't use negative signed chars with any ctype.h function per C99 7.4/1

The author is citing from the C99 standard in C++ documentation. Is that valid? I couldn't find anything on the definition of this function in the C++ standard, so I must assume that it is valid.

But this concerns me for 2 reasons:

1. How would I know what version of the C standard the C++ standard depends upon?
2. There are lists of the discrepancies between C and C++ everywhere. If I'm looking at the C standard with reference to C++ how could I possibly know whether the area I'm looking at has been overridden?

解决方案

For the first question:

The C++ standard explicitly lists the C standard(s) on which it depends in its Normative references section. For C++14, [intro.refs] 1.2/1 happens to list C 99:

• ISO/IEC 9899:1999, Programming languages — C
• ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.1:2001(E), Programming languages — C, Technical Corrigendum 1
• ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.2:2004(E), Programming languages — C, Technical Corrigendum 2
• ISO/IEC 9899:1999/Cor.3:2007(E), Programming languages — C, Technical Corrigendum 3

For the second question:

The C++ standard does not implicitly incorporate any parts of the C standard; all references to the C standard are explicit. A good source of information on where C++ deviates from C is Annex C, "Compatibility" of the C++ standard, particularly C.1 [diff.iso].

Additionally, references to the C standard library are scattered throughout the description of the C++ standard library (chapters 17–30 in C++14). Of particular interest can be:

• 17.2 [library.c], which describes the basic inclusion of the C standard library
• Chapter 18 [language.support], which describes many of the <c:::> headers of the C++ standard library (those which offer the C standard library functionality).

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