无法获取GLFW链接 [英] Can't get GLFW to link

问题描述

我试图编译以下测试程序：

I am trying to compile the below test program:

#include <GL/glfw.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    if(!glfwInit()) {
        return -1;
    }

    if(!glfwOpenWindow(640, 480, 8, 8, 8, 0, 24, 0, GLFW_WINDOW)) {
        return -1;
    }

    while(glfwGetWindowParam(GLFW_OPENED)) {
        glfwSwapBuffers();
    }

    return 0;
}

但我总是得到未定义的引用

but I always get undefined reference errors in regards to the GLFW functions.

下面是我的makefile：

Below is my makefile:

CXX = clang++
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -std=c++0x
LDFLAGS = -lglfw

OBJ_DIR = bin
LIB_DIR = -L/usr/lib
INC_DIR = -I/usr/include

SOURCE = main.cpp
OBJECTS = ${SOURCE:%.cpp=$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o}
EXECUTABLE = hello

all: init $(OBJECTS) $(EXECUTABLE)

$(EXECUTABLE):
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIB_DIR) -o $@ $(OBJECTS)

$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o: %.cpp
    $(CXX) $(INC_DIR) -c $< -o $@

init:
    @mkdir -p "$(OBJ_DIR)"

clean:
    @rm -rf $(OBJ_DIR) $(EXECUTABLE)

我绝对有 glfw.h 和 libglfw.a / .so ，因为当我运行 locate glfw 时我得到：

I definitely have glfw.h and libglfw.a/.so as when I run locate glfw I get:

:~$ locate glfw
/usr/include/GL/glfw.h
/usr/lib/libglfw.a
/usr/lib/libglfw.so
/usr/lib/libglfw.so.2
/usr/lib/libglfw.so.2.6

nm /usr/lib/libglfw.a的输出| grep glfwInit ：

:~$ nm /usr/lib/libglfw.a | grep glfwInit
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
0000000000000000 B _glfwInitialized
0000000000000000 T glfwInit
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitialized
                 U _glfwInitJoysticks
                 U _glfwInitTimer
00000000000000c0 T _glfwInitJoysticks
0000000000000000 T _glfwInitTimer

和来自clang的详细消息：

and the verbose message from clang:

clang++ -I/usr/include -c main.cpp -o bin/main.o
clang++ -Wall -std=c++0x -Wl --verbose -lglfw -lGL -lGLU -L/usr/lib -o hello bin/main.o
Ubuntu clang version 3.0-6ubuntu3 (tags/RELEASE_30/final) (based on LLVM 3.0)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
clang: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-std=c++0x'
 "/usr/bin/ld" -z relro --hash-style=gnu --as-needed --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -o hello /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../.. -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib -lglfw -lGL -lGLU bin/main.o -lstdc++ -lm -lgcc_s -lgcc -lc -lgcc_s -lgcc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
bin/main.o: In function `main':
main.cpp:(.text+0x17): undefined reference to `glfwInit'
main.cpp:(.text+0x76): undefined reference to `glfwOpenWindow'
main.cpp:(.text+0x97): undefined reference to `glfwGetWindowParam'
main.cpp:(.text+0xa7): undefined reference to `glfwSwapBuffers'
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make: *** [hello] Error 1

似乎没有找到图书馆？

It seems to not be finding the library?

推荐答案

问题是glfw库被指定到链接器之前的依赖于它们的目标文件。 ld 搜索库以仅解析其所处理的文件列表中的点所依赖的依赖关系。因此，当 ld 正在搜索 libglfw.a 时，它不知道 glfwInit 依赖在 main.o 。 ld （默认情况下）不会再次搜索库。

The problem is that the glfw libraries are being specified to the linker before the object file that depends on them. ld searches libraries to resolve dependencies only for the dependencies that it knows about at the point in list of files it's processing. So when ld is searching libglfw.a it doesn't know about the glfwInit dependency in main.o yet. ld (by default) doesn't go back an search the library again.

Try:

$(EXECUTABLE):
    $(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(LIB_DIR) -o $@ $(OBJECTS)  $(LDFLAGS)

同样，库应该在 LDLIBS （或 LIBS ）变量 - LDFLAGS 通常用于链接器选项：

Also the libraries should probably be specified in a LDLIBS (or LIBS) variable - LDFLAGS is conventionally use for linker options:

CXX = clang++
CXXFLAGS = -Wall -std=c++0x
LDLIBS = -lglfw -lGL -lGLU

OBJ_DIR = bin
LIB_DIR = -L/usr/lib
INC_DIR = -I/usr/include

SOURCE = main.cpp
OBJECTS = ${SOURCE:%.cpp=$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o}
EXECUTABLE = hello

all: init $(OBJECTS) $(EXECUTABLE)

$(EXECUTABLE):
    $(CXX) $(LDFLAGS) $(LIB_DIR) -o $@ $(OBJECTS) $(LDLIBS)

$(OBJ_DIR)/%.o: %.cpp
    $(CXX) $(INC_DIR) -c $< -o $@

init:
    @mkdir -p "$(OBJ_DIR)"

clean:
    @rm -rf $(OBJ_DIR) $(EXECUTABLE)

这篇关于无法获取GLFW链接的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！