golang - 如何初始化一个结构中的map字段？ [英] golang - how to initialize a map field within a struct?

问题描述

我对初始化包含地图的结构体的最佳方法感到困惑。运行此代码生成 panic：运行时错误：分配到nil地图中的条目：

I'm confused about the best way to initialize a struct that contains a map. Running this code produces panic: runtime error: assignment to entry in nil map:

package main

type Vertex struct {
   label string
} 

type Graph struct {
  connections map[Vertex][]Vertex
} 

func main() {
  v1 := Vertex{"v1"}
  v2 := Vertex{"v2"}

  g := new(Graph)
  g.connections[v1] = append(g.coonections[v1], v2)
  g.connections[v2] = append(g.connections[v2], v1)
}

一个想法是创建一个构造函数，如这个答案。

One idea is to create a constructor, as in this answer.

另一个想法是使用 add_connection 可以初始化地图（如果为空）的方法：

Another idea is to use an add_connection method that can initialize the map if it's empty:

func (g *Graph) add_connection(v1, v2 Vertex) {
  if g.connections == nil {
    g.connections = make(map[Vertex][]Vertex)
  }
  g.connections[v1] = append(g.connections[v1], v2)
  g.connections[v2] = append(g.connections[v2], v1)
}

还有其他选择吗？只是想看看是否有一个普遍接受的方法来做到这一点。

Are there other options? Just wanted to see if there is a commonly-accepted way to do this.

推荐答案

我可能会使用构造函数来做到这一点：

I would probably use a constructor to do this:

func NewGraph() *Graph {
    var g Graph
    g.connections = make(map[Vertex][]Vertex)
    return &g
}

I我们在标准 图片中发现了这个例子/ jpeg 包（不带地图，但​​带有切片）：

I've found this example in the standard image/jpeg package (not with a map though, but with a slice):

type Alpha struct {
    Pix []uint8
    Stride int
    Rect Rectangle
}

func NewAlpha(r Rectangle) *Alpha {
    w, h := r.Dx(), r.Dy()
    pix := make([]uint8, 1*w*h)
    return &Alpha{pix, 1 * w, r}
}

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