处理与Django中的应用无关的静态文件 [英] Handling static files that dont pertain to an app in Django

问题描述

在文档 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/ dev / howto / static-files /

我读到静态文件应该放在各自的应用程序中，并用

  {％load staticfiles％} 
< img src ={％staticarticles / css / base.css％}alt = 我的形象/> 
  

不过，在文档中，它提到一些静态文件与一个特定的应用无关。这是 STATICFILES_DIRS 发挥作用的地方。如果我正确地读取 STATICFILES_DIRS 是Django用来查找其他静态文件的元组。我想知道如何调用从 STATICFILES_DIRS 中调用的静态文件？

ex： / p>

< link rel =stylesheettype =text / csshref ={％static/css/default.css％ }>

另外我不知道为我的 STATIC_ROOT 。我把它留空吗？ （''）

我的项目树

  mysite 
 \articles 
 \static 
 \articles 
 \css 
 base.css 
 \\ \\static 
 \images 
 \css 
 default.css 
 \js 
 \templates 
 base.html 
 \ settings.py 
  

这是目前在我的settings.py关于静态文件

 ＃在每个应用程序中查找静态文件
 STATICFILES_FINDERS =（
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder'，
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder'，
）
 
 STATICFILES_STORAGE =（
'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'
） 
 
＃collectstatic将收集静态文件进行部署（OUTPUT）的绝对路径
 STATIC_ROOT =''
 
＃此设置定义如果启用FileSystemFinder查找器，静态文件应用将遍历的其他位置。 
 STATICFILES_DIRS =（
＃用于不绑定到特定应用程序的静态资产
 os.path.join（BASE_DIR，'static'），
）
 
＃引用位于STATIC_ROOT 
中的静态文件时要使用的URL STATIC_URL ='/ static /'
  

解决方案

几乎所有关于django static的内容都与 django.contrib.staticfiles 应用程序有关。虽然您需要自定义编辑许多设置以使 staticfiles 工作，但是做的很简单。它提供了一个 collectstatic 命令，它从不同的应用程序收集静态文件，并将它们放入一个目录。

答案对于您的第一个问题很简单：将这些常见的静态文件放在django项目目录的 / static 目录下。在你的情况下，它是 mysite / static 。

原因：首先，这是正式的方式。您可以在官方文档中找到以下代码：管理静态文件（CSS，图像） 。第二，这是合理的。因为我们把静态文件只用在一个单一的应用程序在 project / appnane / static /...项目的静态目录应该遵循相同的名称模式。

  STATICFILES_DIRS =（
 os.path.join（BASE_DIR，static），＃就这样!! 
' var / www / static /'，
）
  

正如我在评论中所说，不应将 STATIC_ROOT 设置为 project_absolutr_path / static 。因为那个目录是用户把css应用程序的静态文件。您不希望collectst命令污染该目录，特别是在使用版本控制系统（如git / svn）时。

STATIC_ROOT 真的取决于你托管这些静态文件的方式（Apache，Nginx，S3，CDN，Paas like heroku）

In the documentation https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/howto/static-files/

I read that static files should be put with their respective apps and called upon with

{% load staticfiles %}
<img src="{% static "articles/css/base.css" %}" alt="My image"/>

However later on in the docs it mentions that some static files don't pertain to a particular app. This is where STATICFILES_DIRS comes into play. If I read correctly STATICFILES_DIRS is a tuple for Django to use to look for other static files. I was wondering how would I call the static files that was called from the STATICFILES_DIRS?

ex: something like

<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="{% static "/css/default.css" %}">

Also I am not sure what to put for my STATIC_ROOT. Do I leave it empty? ('')

My proj tree

mysite
  \articles
       \static
       \articles
           \css
               base.css
  \static
       \images
       \css
           default.css
       \js 
  \templates
       base.html
  \settings.py 

This is currently in my settings.py regarding static files

# looks for static files in each app
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
)

STATICFILES_STORAGE = (
    'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'
)

# the absolute path to the directory where collectstatic will collect static files for deployment (OUTPUT)
STATIC_ROOT = ''

# This setting defines the additional locations the static files app will traverse if the FileSystemFinder finder is enabled.
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    # used for static assets that aren't tied to a particular app
     os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'),
)

# URL to use when referring to static files located in STATIC_ROOT
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

解决方案

Almost everything about django static is related to the django.contrib.staticfiles app. Although you need to custom edit many settings to make staticfiles work, what is does is simple. It provides a collectstatic command which collects static files from different app and put them into a single directory.

The answer to your first question is simple: Put those common static files under the /static directory of your django project directory. In your case, it's mysite/static.

Reason: First, it's the official way. You can find the following code in official doc: Managing static files (CSS, images). Second, it's reasonable. Since we put static files only used in a single app under project/appnane/static/... The project's static dir should follow the same name pattern.

STATICFILES_DIRS = (
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "static"), # That's it!!
    '/var/www/static/',
)

As I said in the comment, your should not set STATIC_ROOT to project_absolutr_path/static. Because that directory is user to put css app static files. You don't want the collectstatics command to pollute that directory especially when you are using a version control system like git/svn.

STATIC_ROOT really depends on the way you host these static files(Apache, Nginx, S3, CDN, Paas like heroku)

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