固件和操作系统有什么区别？ [英] What is the difference between the firmware and the operating system?

问题描述

在诸如打印机，交换机等嵌入式设备中，我感到固件和操作系统之间的区别是什么。嵌入式设备操作系统类似于PC（Linux和Windows）？

In embedded devices such as printer, switches, I am confused what the difference between the firmware and the operating system is. Are embedded devices operating systems similar to PCs (Linux and Windows)?

例如，我有一台打印机，它具有一个嵌入式Web服务器，可以让我远程管理打印机。当我打开制造商网站时，我发现操作系统是：OS 9.86。这是什么样的操作系统？请参阅： Phaser 8560支持&驱动程序

For example, I have a printer which has an embedded web server that allows me to manage the printer remotely. When I open the manufacturer website, I find that the OS is: OS 9.86. What kind of OS is this? See: Phaser 8560 Support & Drivers

推荐答案

固件是指驻留在非易失性存储器中的一小段代码。在现在的办公室（例如打印机，VoIP电话等）中常见的硬件外设中，固件通常负责加载（例如OS代码签名验证）和管理（例如，在恢复模式下闪烁的OS）操作系统安装在机器上。执行实际任务（例如打印）是操作系统的工作。

Firmware refers to a small piece of code that resides in non-volatile memory. In hardware peripherals that are commonly found in offices these days (e.g. printers, VoIP phones, etc.), firmware is usually responsible for loading (e.g. OS code signature verification) and managing (e.g. flashing OS in recovery mode) the operating system that is installed on the machine. It's the operating system's job to carry out the actual task (e.g. printing).

硬件厂商通常使用Linux衍生产品（如Cisco IOS）或实时操作系统（例如 VxWorks ）。

Hardware vendors commonly use a derivative of Linux (e.g. Cisco IOS), or a real-time operating system (e.g. VxWorks).

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