URL缩短：最好的编码方式？ [英] URL shortener: best encoding method?

问题描述

我正在创建一个链接缩短服务，我正在使用增加的ID字段的base64编码/解码来创建我的网址。 ID为6的网址为： http://mysite.com/Ngw

I'm creating a link shortening service and I'm using base64 encoding/decoding of an incremented ID field to create my urls. A url with the ID "6" would be: http://mysite.com/Ng==

我还需要允许用户创建自定义的网址名称，例如 http ：//mysite.com/music

I need to also allow users to create a custom url name, like http://mysite.com/music

到目前为止，这是我的（可能是错误的）方法。帮助修复它将不胜感激。

Here's my (possibly faulty) approach so far. Help in fixing it would be appreciated.

当有人创建一个新的链接：

When someone creates a new link:

<我从数据库中获取最大的链接ID（不是自动递增）

• 将ID增加1


• 生成一个短的URL代码 http://website.com/?short url name]）由base64_encoding该ID


• 插入链接表：id，short_url_code，destination_url

• I get the largest link ID from the database (it's not auto incremented)
• Increment the ID by 1
• Generate a short URL code (http://website.com/[short url name]) by base64_encoding that ID
• Insert into links table: id, short_url_code, destination_url

当有人创建一个新链接并传递自定义的短网址：

When someone creates a new link and passes a custom short URL:

• 我的计划是base64_decode他们的自定义字符串，并将其用作链接ID，但我没有意识到你不能只是base64_decode任何字母数字字符串，并将其转换成一个数字。

有没有更好的编码方法，让我把任何数字变成短字符串和任何字符串到一个数字，所以我可以随时查找短的URL（不管是自定义还是自动生成）通过转动将名称转换成一个号码，并查询一个ID等于该号码的链接？

Is there a better encoding method that will let me turn any number into a short string, and any string into a number, so I can always lookup short urls (whether custom or autogenerated) by turning the name into a number and querying for a link with an ID equal to that number?

推荐答案

首先，确保您在 ID 和 short_url_code 列之间存在中的单一限制。

First and foremost, make sure you have unicity constraints in place on the ID and short_url_code columns.

当有人创建一个新链接时：

When someone creates a new link:

1. 获取下一个最大的链接 ID 从数据库（出于性能原因，您应该真正重用 autoincrement 或 SEQUENCE ，具体取决于您的RDBMS提供的内容;否则继续选择 MAX（ID）+1 ）


2. 生成一个简短的URL代码（ http： / code>）从 ID 使用 base64_encode 或其他自定义或标准编码方案


3. 插入链接表： ID，short_url_code，destination_url



4. 如果插入因违反约束而失败，请返回步骤1尝试新的 ID ;您可能已经违规了：

1. Get the next largest link ID from the database (for performance reasons you should really REALLY use autoincrement or SEQUENCE, depending on what your RDBMS offers; otherwise go ahead and select MAX(ID)+1 )
2. Generate a short URL code (http://website.com/[short url name]) from ID using base64_encode or any other custom or standard encoding scheme
3. Insert into the links table: ID, short_url_code, destination_url

4. If the insert fails because of a constraint violation go back to step 1 to try a new ID; you may have had a violation because:

1. 同一个ID已经被另一个线程/进程等同地使用（即插入） （如果您使用 autoincrement 或 SEQUENCE ，则可能会发生这种情况，并且可能会发生和/或


2. 相同的 short_url_code 已经被用作自定义的URL（这将很少发生，除非有人是尝试在您的网站上造成麻烦）

1. the same ID has already been used (i.e. inserted) in parallel by another thread/process etc. (this will not happen if you used autoincrement or SEQUENCE, and may happen quite often otherwise), and/or
2. the same short_url_code has already been used as a custom URL (this will happen very seldomly unless someone is trying to cause trouble on your site)

如果插入成功，提交并将短URL返回给用户

当有人创建新的链接并传递自定义的短网址时：

When someone creates a new link and passes a custom short URL:

1. 执行与上述相同的步骤1


2. 而不是从 ID中生成短网址部分如上面的步骤2，使用用户提供的自定义 short_url_code


3. 执行与上述相同的步骤3


4. 如果e插入失败是因为：
   
   

1. Perform the same step 1 as above
2. Instead of generating the short URL part from ID as in step 2 above, use the custom short_url_code provided by the user
3. Perform the same step 3 as above
4. If the insert failed because of:

1. ID上的约束违规：返回步骤1尝试 ID


2. short_url_code 上的约束违规：返回错误用户要求他选择不同的自定义网址，因为他/她提供的短URL已被使用

1. a constraint violation on ID: go back to step 1 to try a new ID
2. a constraint violation on short_url_code: return an error to the user asking him to pick a different custom URL, as the short URL he/she provided has already been used

执行相同的步骤5以上

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