bash - 如何写这个cp命令？

问题描述

问 题

ls -a /var/www/html/wp
.                ..                    .git 
index.php        wp-blog-header.php    wp-cron.php        wp-mail.php
license.txt      wp-comments-post.php  wp-includes        wp-settings.php
readme.html      wp-config.php         wp-links-opml.php  wp-signup.php
wp-activate.php  wp-config-sample.php  wp-load.php        wp-trackback.php
wp-admin         wp-content            wp-login.php       xmlrpc.php

我想将/var/www/html/wp目录下面除去.git外，说有的文件递归复制到 /tmp/test
ls -a /var/www/html/wp|grep -v '.git'
可以删除.git文件

这个命令可以复制
ls /var/www/html/wp |grep -v '.git' |xargs -i cp -r {} /tmp/test/{}
但是，复制完成后，文件结构全部变了。

debian8@hwy:/var/www/html/wp$ ls  /tmp/test
about.php               load-styles.php         revision.php
admin-ajax.php          maint                   setup-config.php
admin-footer.php        media-new.php           term.php
admin-functions.php     media.php               theme-editor.php
admin-header.php        media-upload.php        theme-install.php
admin.php               menu-header.php         themes.php
admin-post.php          menu.php                tools.php
async-upload.php        moderation.php          update-core.php
comment.php             ms-admin.php            update.php
credits.php             ms-delete-site.php      upgrade-functions.php
css                     ms-edit.php             upgrade.php
custom-background.php   ms-options.php          upload.php
custom-header.php       ms-sites.php            user
customize.php           ms-themes.php           user-edit.php
edit-comments.php       ms-upgrade-network.php  user-new.php
edit-form-advanced.php  ms-users.php            users.php
edit-form-comment.php   my-sites.php            widgets.php
edit-link-form.php      nav-menus.php           wp-activate.php
edit.php                network                 wp-admin
edit-tag-form.php       network.php             wp-blog-header.php
edit-tags.php           options-discussion.php  wp-comments-post.php
export.php              options-general.php     wp-config.php
freedoms.php            options-head.php        wp-config-sample.php
images                  options-media.php       wp-content
import.php              options-permalink.php   wp-cron.php
includes                options.php             wp-includes
index.php               options-reading.php     wp-links-opml.php
install-helper.php      options-writing.php     wp-load.php
install.php             plugin-editor.php       wp-login.php
js                      plugin-install.php      wp-mail.php
license.txt             plugins.php             wp-settings.php
link-add.php            post-new.php            wp-signup.php
link-manager.php        post.php                wp-trackback.php
link-parse-opml.php     press-this.php          xmlrpc.php
link.php                profile.php
load-scripts.php        readme.html
debian8@hwy:/var/www/html/wp$ ls  /var/www/html/wp
index.php        wp-blog-header.php    wp-cron.php        wp-mail.php
license.txt      wp-comments-post.php  wp-includes        wp-settings.php
readme.html      wp-config.php         wp-links-opml.php  wp-signup.php
wp-activate.php  wp-config-sample.php  wp-load.php        wp-trackback.php
wp-admin         wp-content            wp-login.php       xmlrpc.php

我不想这样做

cp  -r  /var/www/html/wp/   /tmp/test
rm /tmp/test/.git

解决方案

rsync 不错，tar 也是可以的（并且更简单，不用考虑使用哪些选项）：

cd /var/www/html/wp
tar c . --exclude=.git | tar xv -C /tmp/test

如果你用 zsh，可以

cp -r /var/www/html/wp/*~.git /tmp/test

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