编译Linux内核3.2 for ARM时出错 [英] Error when compiling Linux kernel 3.2 for ARM

问题描述

我正在学习本教程，以便为ARM编译Linux内核3.2并使用QEMU进行模拟： $ b

https://balau82.wordpress.com/2012/03/31 / compile-linux-kernel-3-2-arm-and-emulate-with-qemu /

我遵循以下步骤：

1. wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux- 3.2.tar.bz2


2. tar xjf linux-3.2.tar.bz2


3. export ARCH = arm


4. export CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux-gnueabi-


5. cd linux-3.2


6. make vexpress_defconfig


7. make all


8. cd ..


9. arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -static init.c -o init


10. echo init | cpio -o --format = newc> initramfs


11. qemu-system-arm -M vexpress -a9 -kernel linux-3.2 / arch / arm / boot / zImage -initrd initramfs -serial stdio -appendconsole = tty1

我的问题是当我尝试第7步发生这个问题：
$ b $ pre $ include / linux / compiler-gcc.h：94：30：致命错误：linux /compiler-gcc5.h：没有这样的文件或目录
编译终止。
/home/ramy/QEMU_Learn/kernel/linux-3.2/./Kbuild:35：目标'kernel / bounds.s'的配方失败
make [1]：*** [kernel / bounds .s] Error 1
Makefile：985：recipe'prepare0'failed


I我正在使用Ubuntu操作系统，我正在使用Linaro工具链来编译内核。

我也检查了PATH变量，结果如下：

  $ printenv | grep PATH 
 
 XDG_SESSION_PATH = / org / freedesktop / DisplayManager / Session0 
 XDG_SEAT_PATH = / org / freedesktop / DisplayManager / Seat0 
 DEFAULTS_PATH = / usr / share / gconf / ubuntu.default .path 
 PATH = / usr / local / sbin：/ usr / local / bin：/ usr / sbin：/ usr / bin：/ sbin：/ bin：/ usr / games：/ usr / local / games： / snap / bin：/ home / ramy / gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_3-2016q1 / bin 
 MANDATORY_PATH = / usr / share / gconf / ubuntu.mandatory.path 
  
 
 
您的内核特别包含在 linux / compiler-gcc.h  header 
  http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h?v=3.2#L91  
 
 
 <$ （x）#define __gcc_header（x）#x 
 92 #define _gcc_header（x）__gcc_header（linux / compiler-gcc ## xh）
 93 #define gcc_header（ x）_gcc_header（x）
 94＃包括gcc_header（__ GNUC__）
  

不同gcc版本的文件（ GNUC 是gcc的主要版本）。它支持gcc-3和gcc-4，但不支持gcc-5：

http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/?v=3.2

  C文件编译器-gcc.h 3705字节
 C文件编译器-gcc3.h 631字节
 C文件编译器-gcc4.h 2073字节
 C文件compiler-intel.h 746字节
 C文件compiler.h 8628字节
  

您可能会尝试将编译器-gcc4.h 重写为 compiler-gcc5.h ，但您应该了解这个怎么做。您可能不会将gcc4复制到gcc5，会有不正确的宏。

已添加编译器-gcc5.h 仅限于Linux内核版本3.18： http：// lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc5.h?v=3.18 （不在3.17 http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc5.h?v=3.17 ）

旧版linaro编译器（在gcc-5之前） https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2016.02/

并根据对于JJ Hakala评论，在3.2。* kernel，3.2.81的最新版本中有编译器-gcc5头文件： https：//www.kernel.o rg / pub / linux / kernel / v3.0 / linux-3.2.81.tar.gz - 只需将wget命令和tar xjf更改为此版本并重试即可。

I am following this tutorial to compile Linux kernel 3.2 for ARM and emulate with QEMU:

https://balau82.wordpress.com/2012/03/31/compile-linux-kernel-3-2-for-arm-and-emulate-with-qemu/

I am following the below steps:

1. wget http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.2.tar.bz2
2. tar xjf linux-3.2.tar.bz2
3. export ARCH=arm
4. export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
5. cd linux-3.2
6. make vexpress_defconfig
7. make all
8. cd ..
9. arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -static init.c -o init
10. echo init|cpio -o --format=newc > initramfs
11. qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -kernel linux-3.2/arch/arm/boot/zImage -initrd initramfs -serial stdio -append "console=tty1"

My problem is when I try step 7 (make all), this problem happens:

include/linux/compiler-gcc.h:94:30: fatal error: linux/compiler-gcc5.h: No such file or directory
compilation terminated.
/home/ramy/QEMU_Learn/kernel/linux-3.2/./Kbuild:35: recipe for target 'kernel/bounds.s' failed
make[1]: *** [kernel/bounds.s] Error 1
Makefile:985: recipe for target 'prepare0' failed

I am working Ubuntu operating system, and I am using Linaro tool chain to compile the kernel.

I have also checked the PATH variable and here is the result:

$ printenv | grep PATH

XDG_SESSION_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0
XDG_SEAT_PATH=/org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0
DEFAULTS_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.default.path
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/ramy/gcc-arm-none-eabi-5_3-2016q1/bin
MANDATORY_PATH=/usr/share/gconf/ubuntu.mandatory.path

解决方案

Your kernel version (3.2.0) is too old and not compatible with used gcc (gcc-5). You may use gcc-4 to compile kernel, or use newer kernel version.

Your kernel has special include in linux/compiler-gcc.h header http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc.h?v=3.2#L91

 91 #define __gcc_header(x) #x
 92 #define _gcc_header(x) __gcc_header(linux/compiler-gcc##x.h)
 93 #define gcc_header(x) _gcc_header(x)
 94 #include gcc_header(__GNUC__)

It will include different files for different gcc versions (GNUC is major version of gcc). It supports gcc-3 and gcc-4, but not gcc-5:

http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/?v=3.2

C file  compiler-gcc.h  3705 bytes
C file  compiler-gcc3.h 631 bytes
C file  compiler-gcc4.h 2073 bytes
C file  compiler-intel.h    746 bytes
C file  compiler.h  8628 bytes

You may try to rewrite compiler-gcc4.h to compiler-gcc5.h, but you should understand how to do this. You may not just copy gcc4 to gcc5, there will incorrect macro.

The compiler-gcc5.h was added only to linux kernel version 3.18: http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc5.h?v=3.18 (not in 3.17 http://lxr.free-electrons.com/source/include/linux/compiler-gcc5.h?v=3.17)

Older linaro compiler (before gcc-5) is https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2016.02/

And according to JJ Hakala comment, there is the compiler-gcc5 header in last version of 3.2.* kernel, the 3.2.81: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.0/linux-3.2.81.tar.gz - just change wget command and tar xjf to this version and retry.

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