如何使用mkmf.log安装Nokogiri Ruby gem，并说libiconv未找到？ [英] How to install Nokogiri Ruby gem with mkmf.log saying libiconv not found?

问题描述

如何诊断并解决这个问题？

 ＃gem install nokogiri 
构建原生扩展。这可能需要一段时间... 
错误：安装nokogiri时出错：
错误：无法构建gem本机扩展。 
 ... 
 /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/bin/ruby extconf.rb 
检查libxml / parser.h ... *** extconf.rb失败* ** 
由于某些原因无法创建Makefile，可能缺少
必需的库和/或标题。查看mkmf.log文件以获取更多
的详细信息。您可能需要配置选项。 
 ... 
 /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in`try_do'：
编译器无法生成一个可执行文件。 （RuntimeError）
您必须先安装开发工具。 
 from /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:506:in`try_cpp'
 ... 
  
 $ 
    
 $ b 
例如：
 
 为了找出失败的内容，请转到您的ruby gems目录。
 pre>  $ cd< MY RUBY DIRECTORY> /lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems 
  

如果您不知道您的gem目录，请尝试以下操作：



  $ echo $ GEM_HOME 
 /opt/gems/2.0.0 
 $ cd /opt/gems/2.0.0/gems 
  

我正在安装什么版本的nokogiri？



  $ ls -ladg nokogiri- * 
 nokogiri-1.5.5 
  

转到安装目录：



  $ cd nokogiri-1.5.5 / ext / nokogiri 
  

尝试手动安装：

  $ ruby​​ extconf.rb 
  

结果：



 检查libxml / parser.h ... *** extconf.rb失败*** 
 ... 
  
 
 
 
我使用的是Ubuntu，因此我搜索了任何类似的包：
  $ aptitude search libxml 
  
结果：
 
 
  p libxml2  -  GNOME XML库
p libxml2-dev  -  GNOME XML库的开发文件
 ... 
  
我相信libxml2会正常工作。 
 
 
  $ apt-get install libxml2 
  
 Ruby本地宝石通常需要* -dev包头文件安装它们： 
 
 
  $ apt-get install libxml2-dev 
  
现在有解析器文件吗？
  $ find / | grep libxml / parser.h 
  
是的，结果显示解析器：
  /usr/include/libxml2/libxml/parser.h 
  
现在尝试再次安装，这次提供libxml2路径：
 $ b $ pre $ $ $ $ $ gem install nokogiri  - --with-xml2-dir = / usr / include / libxml2 
  

它仍然失败，所以请阅读mkmf错误日志：

  $ more mkmf.log 
  

错误日志显示失败的结果，并且这些行看起来很有希望：

 没有找到libxslt的软件包配置
  

是否有包装？

  $ aptitude search libxslt 
  

结果：

  v libxslt-dev 
i libxslt-ruby 
 ... 
  code> 

安装开发包：

  $ apt-get install libxslt-dev 
  
 
现在尝试再次安装，并将xslt放在路径上： 
 
 
 $ gem install nokogiri  -  \ 
 --with-xml2-dir = / usr / include / libxml2 \ 
 --with-xslt-dir = / usr / include / libxslt 
  
成功！
 
I'm installing the Ruby Nokogiri gem and finding the error below.

How to diagnose this and solve it?
# gem install nokogiri
Building native extensions.  This could take a while...
ERROR:  Error installing nokogiri:
ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension.
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/bin/ruby extconf.rb
checking for libxml/parser.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of
necessary libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more
details.  You may need configuration options.
...
/opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:381:in `try_do': 
The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError)
You have to install development tools first.
from /opt/ruby/1.9.3-p194/lib/ruby/1.9.1/mkmf.rb:506:in `try_cpp'
...

解决方案
To diagnose and solve, here's what worked for me.

To find out what failed, go to your ruby gems directory.

For example:
$ cd <MY RUBY DIRECTORY>/lib/ruby/gems/2.0.0/gems
If you don't know your gem directory, try this:
$ echo $GEM_HOME
/opt/gems/2.0.0
$ cd /opt/gems/2.0.0/gems
What version of nokogiri am I installing?
$ ls -ladg nokogiri-*
nokogiri-1.5.5
Go to the installer directory:
$ cd nokogiri-1.5.5/ext/nokogiri
Try installing manually:
$ ruby extconf.rb
Result:
checking for libxml/parser.h... *** extconf.rb failed ***
...
I'm using Ubuntu so I search for any similar packages:
$ aptitude search libxml
Results:
p libxml2 - GNOME XML library
p libxml2-dev - Development files for the GNOME XML library
...
I believe that libxml2 will work fine.
$ apt-get install libxml2
Ruby native gems often need the *-dev packages for headers so install them:
$ apt-get install libxml2-dev
Now do I have the parser file?
$ find / | grep libxml/parser.h
Yes, the result shows the parser:
/usr/include/libxml2/libxml/parser.h
Now try installing again, this time providing the libxml2 path:
$ gem install nokogiri -- --with-xml2-dir=/usr/include/libxml2
It still fails, so read the mkmf error log:
$ more mkmf.log 
The error log shows what failed and has these lines that look promising:
package configuration for libxslt is not found
Is there a package for it?
$ aptitude search libxslt
Results:
v   libxslt-dev
i   libxslt-ruby
...
Install the dev package:
$ apt-get install libxslt-dev
Now try installing again, and also put xslt on the path:
$ gem install nokogiri -- \
--with-xml2-dir=/usr/include/libxml2 \
--with-xslt-dir=/usr/include/libxslt
Success!

                        
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