C＃List< Interface>：为什么你不能`List< IFoo> foo =新列表< Bar>（）;` [英] C# List<Interface>: why you cannot do `List<IFoo> foo = new List<Bar>();`

问题描述

如果你有一个接口 IFoo 和一个类 Bar：IFoo ，为什么你可以这样做：

If you have an Interface IFoo and a class Bar : IFoo, why can you do the following:

List<IFoo> foo = new List<IFoo>();  
foo.Add(new Bar());

但是你不能这样做：

But you cannot do:

List<IFoo> foo = new List<Bar>();

推荐答案

匆匆一瞥， >应（如啤酒应免费）工作。然而，快速的完整性检查显示了它为什么不能。请记住，以下代码不会编译。它的目的是为了说明为什么它不被允许，即使它看起来直到一点。

At a casual glance, it appears that this should (as in beer should be free) work. However, a quick sanity check shows us why it can't. Bear in mind that the following code will not compile. It's intended to show why it isn't allowed to, even though it looks alright up until a point.

public interface IFoo { }
public class Bar : IFoo { }
public class Zed : IFoo { }

//.....

List<IFoo> myList = new List<Bar>(); // makes sense so far

myList.Add(new Bar()); // OK, since Bar implements IFoo
myList.Add(new Zed()); // aaah! Now we see why.

//.....

myList 是一个 List< IFoo> ，这意味着它可以接受 IFoo 的任何实例。但是，这与它被实例化为 List< Bar> 的事实相冲突。由于有一个 List< IFoo> ，这意味着我可以添加一个新的 Zed 实例，所以我们不能允许因为底层列表实际上是 List< Bar> ，它无法容纳 Zed 。

myList is a List<IFoo>, meaning it can take any instance of IFoo. However, this conflicts with the fact that it was instantiated as List<Bar>. Since having a List<IFoo> means that I could add a new instance of Zed, we can't allow that since the underlying list is actually List<Bar>, which can't accommodate a Zed.

这篇关于C＃List< Interface>：为什么你不能`List< IFoo> foo =新列表< Bar>（）;`的文章就介绍到这了，希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持IT屋！