填充形状边缘的间隙 [英] Filling gaps in shape edges

问题描述

是否有一种算法在填充样本图像上的孔方面表现良好？膨胀效果不好，因为在我最终设法连接这些曲线的末端之前，曲线变得非常厚。我想避免加粗线条。感谢您的帮助。

Is there an algorithm that would perform well in terms of filling holes like those on the sample image? Dilation doesn't work well, cause before I eventually manage to connect ends of those curves, the curves get really thick. I'd like to avoid thickening the lines. Thank you for any help.

是的，图像中可能只有任何字母或形状有这样的洞。

Yes, there can be just any letter or shape in the image with holes like those.

推荐答案

另一种更简单的方法，可能会更好地转换为 OpenCV ，因为它使用卷积而不是顺序Perl / C代码。

Another, simpler way, that will probably translate better into OpenCV as it uses convolution rather than sequential Perl/C code.

基本上将所有黑色像素设置为值 10 ，并将所有白色像素设置为值 0 ，然后将图像与以下3x3内核进行卷积：

Basically set all the black pixels to value 10, and all the white pixels to value 0, then convolve the image with the following 3x3 kernel:

1  1  1
1  10 1
1  1  1

现在，内核中间的黑色像素将给出100 （10x10）和附近的任何其他黑色像素将给出10（10x1）。因此，如果我们想要具有仅具有一个相邻黑色像素的中心黑色像素的点，则其值将为110（100 + 10）。因此，让我们为所有值为110 in的像素着色为红色。这给出了这个命令：

Now, a black pixel in the middle of the kernel will give 100 (10x10) and any other black pixel in the neighbourhood will give 10 (10x1). So if we want points that have a central black pixel with just one single adjacent black pixel, it will have a value of 110 (100+10). So let's colour all pixels that have the value 110 in with red. That gives this command:

convert EsmKh.png -colorspace gray -fill gray\(10\) -opaque black -fill gray\(0\) -opaque white -morphology convolve '3x3: 1,1,1 1,10,1 1,1,1' -fill red -opaque gray\(110\) out.png

带有生成的图像（您可能需要放大间隙才能看到红色）：

with the resulting image (you may need to zoom in on gaps to see the red):

如果你想要一个红色像素的列表，用 txt：替换输出文件名并搜索如下：

If you want a list of the red pixels, replace the output filename with txt: and search like this:

convert EsmKh.png -colorspace gray -fill rgb\(10,10,10\) -opaque black -fill rgb\(0,0,0\) -opaque white -morphology convolve '3x3: 1,1,1 1,10,1 1,1,1' txt: | grep "110,110,110"

给出：

86,55: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
459,55: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
83,56: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
507,59: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
451,64: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
82,65: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
134,68: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
519,75: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
245,81: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
80,83: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
246,83: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
269,84: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
288,85: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
315,87: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
325,87: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
422,104: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
131,116: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
524,116: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
514,117: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
122,118: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
245,122: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
76,125: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
456,128: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
447,129: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
245,131: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
355,135: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
80,146: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
139,151: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
80,156: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
354,157: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
144,160: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
245,173: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
246,183: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
76,191: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
82,197: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
126,200: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
117,201: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
245,204: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
248,206: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
297,209: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43
309,210: (110,110,110)  #6E6E6E  grey43

现在你可以处理红点列表了一，找到最近的其他红点并用直线连接它们 - 或者如果你感觉非常敏锐的话，做一些曲线拟合。当然，可能需要进行一些改进，您可能希望设置最大间隙填充线长度。

Now you can process the list of red points, and for each one, find the nearest other red point and join them with a straight line - or do some curve fitting if you are feeling really keen. Of course, there may be some refining to do, and you may wish to set a maximum length of gap-filling line.

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