为什么超类对象不能在Java中隐式转换为子类对象？ [英] Why superclass object cannot be implicitly converted to subclass object in Java?

问题描述

我有以下代码：

class A {
}

class B extends A {
    public void fB(){};
}

根据Java规则：

案例1：

B b = new B();
A a = b;
((B)a).fB();

案例2：

A a = new A();
B b = a;

根据Java规则，案例1 确定，案例2 <强>不好。为什么案例2 不正常？这行（（B）a）.fB（）; 实际上是什么（我的意思是里面发生了什么）？

According to Java rule, Case 1 is ok and Case 2 is not ok. Why Case 2 is not ok? And what this line ((B)a).fB(); actually does (I mean what happens inside)?

推荐答案

为什么案例1没问题且案例2不正常：因为狗是 Animal ，但不是每个 Animal 都是 Dog 。

Why case 1 is OK and case 2 is not OK: Because a Dog is an Animal, but not every Animal is a Dog.

class Animal { }
class Dog extends Animal { }
class Cat extends Animal { }

Dog fifi = new Dog();
Cat tommy = new Cat();

// OK because Dogs and Cats are Animals
Animal pet1 = fifi;
Animal pet2 = tommy;

// Not OK because an Animal is not always a Dog
Dog doggy = pet2;

请注意，对该对象不执行任何操作;特别是，它不会对对象进行任何类型的转换。 Casting只告诉编译器我这里有这个对象，我比你知道的更好;我希望你把它当作X型而不是给我任何错误信息。

Note that casting does nothing to the object; in particular, it doesn't do any kind conversion of objects. Casting is only telling the compiler "I have this object here, and I know better than you what it is; I want you to treat it as type X and not give me any error messages".

所以在这样一行：

Dog doggy = pet2;

编译器会抱怨，因为它无法确定 pet2 实际上是 Dog ;它只知道它是 Animal - 而且并非所有 Animal 都是 Dog 秒。你可以做一个强制转换来告诉编译器不要抱怨这个：

the compiler will complain because it cannot be sure that pet2 is actually a Dog; it only knows that it is an Animal - and not all Animals are Dogs. You can do a cast to tell the compiler to not complain about this:

// Tell the compiler that you want it to treat pet2 as a Dog
Dog doggy = (Dog)pet2;

但是当你运行程序时，Java仍会检查 pet2 实际上是 Dog ，如果不是，则会得到 ClassCastException 。

But when you run the program, Java will still check if pet2 is really a Dog, and if it isn't, you get a ClassCastException.

（你的标题中的问题与你的意思完全相反，正如biziclop注意到的那样）。

(And the question in your title is exactly the opposite of what you mean, as biziclop noticed).

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