如何使用Java编写的程序可用于其他人？ [英] How do I make my program, written in Java, usable to other people?
问题描述
所以我写了一个有趣的小程序，我想把它展示给我的一些朋友。我的朋友，不是程序员，如果我发送包含必要类和文件的文件夹，他不知道该怎么办。我希望能够通过电子邮件向他们发送信息（或将其放在CD / thumbdrive上），然后他们可以双击并让它运行程序。我完全不知道如何实现这一目标。我正在上课，我们使用Linux计算机（当我不在课堂时使用mac）我们必须javac .java文件然后java文件名才能运行。我在Mac和PC上都有朋友，我希望他们只需点击该程序即可使用....
So I've written a funny little program and I want to show it to some of my friends. My friends, not being programmers, have no idea what to do if I send them the folder containing the necessary classes and files. I want to be able to email them something (or put it on a cd/thumbdrive) that they can then double click and have it run the program. I have absolutely no clue how to make this happen. I'm taking a class and we use linux computers (I use a mac when I'm not in class) and we have to javac the .java files and then java "File name" to make it run. I have friends on Mac's and PC's and I want them to be able to just click the program and have it go....
如果它有所不同，程序是使用对象绘制库编写。
If it makes a difference the program is written using the object draw library.
推荐答案
使用 jar 命令构建一个可执行的jar文件。它基本上是一个具有一定保证的ZIP文件。
Use the jar command to build an executable jar file. It's basically a ZIP file with certain guarantees.
在jar文件中，您需要（这是一个需求）/ META-INF目录，其中包含一个名为
Within the jar file you will need (it's a reqirement) a /META-INF directory with a file in it called the manifest (/META-INF/MANIFEST.MF). It describes the "manifest" of the jar file, which is in some ways modeled off a shipping manifest.
在MANIFEST.MF文件中，你需要指令
Inside the MANIFEST.MF file, you need the directive
Main-Class: org.mystuff.path.Main
当jar文件通过命令exectued时，应指示JVM运行org.mystuff.path.Main类
Which should direct the JVM to run the org.mystuff.path.Main class when the jar file is "exectued" via the command
java -jar myproject.jar
请注意JAR文件倾向于以不同的方式处理类路径，因为它们忽略了CLASSPATH环境变量和-classpath命令行选项。如果需要引用其他JAR文件，则需要在MANIFEST.MF文件中添加classpath指令。使用上面的清单链接查看有关嵌入类路径的详细信息。
Note that JAR files tend to handle classpaths differently, in the sense that they ignore the CLASSPATH environmental variable, and the -classpath command line options. You need to add a classpath directive within the MANIFEST.MF file if you need to reference other JAR files. Use the manifest link above to see the details concerning embedding a classpath.
根据项目的简单性，单个JAR文件可能足以发送给它们;但是，如果您需要更多，您可能会发现自己必须在几个目录中发送一些文件。在这种情况下，将文件（包括JAR文件）和目录放在第二个zip文件中。虽然您可以从多种不同的方式中选择打包项目，但我建议
Depending on the simplicity of the "project", a single JAR file might be enough to ship to them; however, if you need more than that, you might find yourself having to ship a few files in a few directories. In that case, put the files (including the JAR file) and directories in a second zip file. While you could select from a number of different ways to "package" the items, I recommend
(layout inside the zip file)
/Readme.txt (a text file describing what to do for new comers)
/License.txt (a text file describing how liberal / restrictive you wish to be concerning your authorship rights.
(the license sounds like overkill, but without it nobody can prove they're not breaking the law)
/bin/myprogram.sh (shell script containing "java -jar ../lib/myprogram.jar")
/bin/myprogram.cmd (Windows batch file containing "java -jar ..\lib\myprogram.jar")
/lib/myprogram.jar (the executable jar file containing your compiled code)
/lib/otherjar.jar (other jar files, as necessary)
这样的zip文件结构，然后安装说明解压缩zip文件;将目录更改为bin并运行myprogram.whatever。
With such a zip-file structure, the installation instructions then become "unzip the zip file; change directory to "bin" and run "myprogram.whatever".
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