在前面的章节中，我们已经了解了如何在XY平面上绘制2D形状.除了这些2D形状，我们还可以使用JavaFX绘制其他几个3D形状.
一般来说，3D形状是可以在XYZ平面上绘制的几何图形.这些包括 Cylinder，Sphere 和 Box .
上述每个3D形状都由一个类表示，所有这些类属于包 javafx.scene.shape .名为 Shape3D 的类是JavaFX中所有三维形状的基类.
要创建三维形状，您需要 :
实例化所需3D形状的相应类.
设置3D形状的属性.
将3D形状对象添加到小组.
要创建三维形状，请先您需要实例化其各自的类.例如，如果要创建3D框，则需要实例化名为Box的类，如下所示;
Box box = new Box ();
实例化类后，需要使用形状设置属性setter方法.
例如，要绘制3D框，您需要传递其宽度，高度，深度.您可以使用各自的setter方法指定这些值，如下所示 :
//设置Box的属性 box.setWidth (200.0); box.setHeight(400.0); box.setDepth(200.0);
最后，您需要将形状对象添加到组中通过将其作为构造函数的参数传递，如下所示.
//Creating a Group object Group root = new Group(box);
下表给出了JavaFX提供的各种3D形状的列表.
| S.No | 形状和放大器;描述 |
|---|---|
| 1 | Box 长方体是三维形状，长度 (深度)，宽度和高度. 在JavaFX中，三维框由名为 通过实例化此类，您可以在JavaFX中创建一个Box节点. 这个类有3个double数据类型的属性，即 :
|
| 2 | Cylinder 圆柱体是一个封闭的实体，有两个平行的(大部分是圆形的)基座，由曲面连接. 它由两个参数描述，即半径其圆形底座和圆柱体的高度. 在JavaFX中，圆柱体由名为 Cylinder .此类属于包 javafx.scene.shape . 通过实例化此类，您可以在JavaFX中创建柱面节点.此类具有double数据类型的2个属性，即 :
|
| 3 | Sphere 球体定义为距离3D空间中给定点的距离r相同的点集.此距离r是球体的半径，给定点是球体的中心. 在JavaFX中，球体由名为球体的类表示.此类属于包 javafx.scene.shape . 通过实例化此类，您可以在JavaFX中创建一个球体节点. 此类具有double数据类型的名为 radius 的属性.它代表球体的半径. |
对于所有3维对象，您可以设置各种属性，如剔脸，绘图模式，材质.
以下部分讨论3D对象的属性.
通常，剔除是去除形状中不正确定向的部分(在视图区域中不可见)./p>
Cull Face属性的类型为 CullFace ，它代表3D形状的剔除面.您可以使用方法 setCullFace()设置形状的剔除面，如下所示 :
box.setCullFace(CullFace.NONE);
形状的笔划类型可以是 :
无 : 没有进行剔除(CullFace.NONE).
前面 : 所有正面饰面都被剔除. (CullFace.FRONT).
返回 : 所有背面多边形都被剔除. (StrokeType.BACK).
默认情况下，三维形状的剔除面是后退.
以下程序是演示球体各种剔除面的示例.将此代码保存在名为 SphereCullFace.java 的文件中.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.shape.CullFace;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
import javafx.scene.shape.Sphere;
public class SphereCullFace extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
//Drawing Sphere1
Sphere sphere1 = new Sphere();
//Setting the radius of the Sphere
sphere1.setRadius(50.0);
//Setting the position of the sphere
sphere1.setTranslateX(100);
sphere1.setTranslateY(150);
//setting the cull face of the sphere to front
sphere1.setCullFace(CullFace.FRONT);
//Drawing Sphere2
Sphere sphere2 = new Sphere();
//Setting the radius of the Sphere
sphere2.setRadius(50.0);
//Setting the position of the sphere
sphere2.setTranslateX(300);
sphere2.setTranslateY(150);
//Setting the cull face of the sphere to back
sphere2.setCullFace(CullFace.BACK);
//Drawing Sphere3
Sphere sphere3 = new Sphere();
//Setting the radius of the Sphere
sphere3.setRadius(50.0);
//Setting the position of the sphere
sphere3.setTranslateX(500);
sphere3.setTranslateY(150);
//Setting the cull face of the sphere to none
sphere2.setCullFace(CullFace.NONE);
//Creating a Group object
Group root = new Group(sphere1, sphere2, sphere3);
//Creating a scene object
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 300);
//Setting title to the Stage
stage.setTitle("Drawing a Sphere");
//Adding scene to the stage
stage.setScene(scene);
//Displaying the contents of the stage
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String args[]){
launch(args);
}
}使用以下命令从命令提示符编译并执行保存的Java文件.
javac SphereCullFace.java java SphereCullFace
执行时，上述程序生成一个JavaFX窗口，分别显示三个具有剔除面值 FRONT，BACK 和 NONE 的球体，如下所示;
属性属于 DrawMode 并且它表示用于绘制当前3D形状的绘图模式.您可以选择绘制模式使用方法setDrawMode()绘制3D形状，如下所示 :
box.setDrawMode(DrawMode.FILL) ;
在JavaFX中，您可以选择两种绘制模式来绘制3D形状，这是 :
填写 : 此模式绘制并填充2D形状(DrawMode.FILL).
行 : 此模式使用线条绘制3D形状(DrawMode.LINE).
默认情况下，3Dimensional形状的绘制模式为fill.
以下程序演示了3D框的各种绘制模式.将此代码保存在名为 BoxDrawMode.java 的文件中.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.PerspectiveCamera;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.shape.Box;
import javafx.scene.shape.DrawMode;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class BoxDrawMode extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
//Drawing a Box
Box box1 = new Box();
//Setting the properties of the Box
box1.setWidth(100.0);
box1.setHeight(100.0);
box1.setDepth(100.0);
//Setting the position of the box
box1.setTranslateX(200);
box1.setTranslateY(150);
box1.setTranslateZ(0);
//Setting the drawing mode of the box
box1.setDrawMode(DrawMode.LINE);
//Drawing a Box
Box box2 = new Box();
//Setting the properties of the Box
box2.setWidth(100.0);
box2.setHeight(100.0);
box2.setDepth(100.0);
//Setting the position of the box
box2.setTranslateX(450); //450
box2.setTranslateY(150);//150
box2.setTranslateZ(300);
//Setting the drawing mode of the box
box2.setDrawMode(DrawMode.FILL);
//Creating a Group object
Group root = new Group(box1, box2);
//Creating a scene object
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 300);
//Setting camera
PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(false);
camera.setTranslateX(0);
camera.setTranslateY(0);
camera.setTranslateZ(0);
scene.setCamera(camera);
//Setting title to the Stage
stage.setTitle("Drawing a Box");
//Adding scene to the stage
stage.setScene(scene);
//Displaying the contents of the stage
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String args[]){
launch(args);
}
}使用以下命令从命令提示符编译并执行保存的java文件.
javac BoxDrawMode.java java BoxDrawMode
执行时，上述程序生成一个JavaFX窗口，分别显示两个带有绘图模式值LINE和FILL的框，如下所示;
剔除Face属性属于材质，它用于选择材质的表面3D形状.您可以使用方法 setCullFace()设置3D形状的材质，如下所示 :
cylinder.setMaterial(material);
如上所述，此方法需要传递Material类型的对象.软件包 javafx.scene.paint 的 PhongMaterial 类是此类的子类，它提供了7个表示Phong着色材质的属性.您可以使用这些属性的setter方法将所有这些类型的材质应用于3D形状的表面.
以下是JavaFX中可用的材料类型 :
bumpMap : 这表示存储为RGB图像的法线贴图.
diffuseMap : 这表示漫反射贴图.
selfIlluminationMap : 这代表了这个PhongMaterial的自发光地图.
specularMap : 这代表了这个PhongMaterial的镜面地图.
diffuseColor : 这表示此PhongMaterial的漫反射颜色.
specularColor : 这代表了这个PhongMaterial的镜面颜色.
specularPower : 这代表了这个PhongMaterial的镜面反射力.
默认情况下，三维形状的材质是具有漫反射颜色的PhongMaterial浅灰色.
以下示例显示了圆柱体上的各种材料.将此代码保存在名为 CylinderMaterials.java 的文件中.
import javafx.application.Application;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.PerspectiveCamera;
import javafx.scene.Scene;
import javafx.scene.image.Image;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;
import javafx.scene.paint.PhongMaterial;
import javafx.scene.shape.Cylinder;
import javafx.stage.Stage;
public class CylinderMaterials extends Application {
@Override
public void start(Stage stage) {
//Drawing Cylinder1
Cylinder cylinder1 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder1.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder1.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder1.setTranslateX(100);
cylinder1.setTranslateY(75);
//Preparing the phong material of type bump map
PhongMaterial material1 = new PhongMaterial();
material1.setBumpMap(new Image
("http://www.IT屋.com/images/tplogo.gif"));
//Setting the bump map material to Cylinder1
cylinder1.setMaterial(material1);
//Drawing Cylinder2
Cylinder cylinder2 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder2.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder2.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder2.setTranslateX(200);
cylinder2.setTranslateY(75);
//Preparing the phong material of type diffuse map
PhongMaterial material2 = new PhongMaterial();
material2.setDiffuseMap(new Image
("http://www.IT屋.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));
//Setting the diffuse map material to Cylinder2
cylinder2.setMaterial(material2);
//Drawing Cylinder3
Cylinder cylinder3 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder3.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder3.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder3.setTranslateX(300);
cylinder3.setTranslateY(75);
//Preparing the phong material of type Self Illumination Map
PhongMaterial material3 = new PhongMaterial();
material3.setSelfIlluminationMap(new Image
("http://www.IT屋.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));
//Setting the Self Illumination Map material to Cylinder3
cylinder3.setMaterial(material3);
//Drawing Cylinder4
Cylinder cylinder4 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder4.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder4.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder4.setTranslateX(400);
cylinder4.setTranslateY(75);
//Preparing the phong material of type Specular Map
PhongMaterial material4 = new PhongMaterial();
material4.setSpecularMap(new Image
("http://www.IT屋.com/images/tp-logo.gif"));
//Setting the Specular Map material to Cylinder4
cylinder4.setMaterial(material4);
//Drawing Cylinder5
Cylinder cylinder5 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder5.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder5.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder5.setTranslateX(100);
cylinder5.setTranslateY(300);
//Preparing the phong material of type diffuse color
PhongMaterial material5 = new PhongMaterial();
material5.setDiffuseColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND);
//Setting the diffuse color material to Cylinder5
cylinder5.setMaterial(material5);
//Drawing Cylinder6
Cylinder cylinder6 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder6.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder6.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder6.setTranslateX(200);
cylinder6.setTranslateY(300);
//Preparing the phong material of type specular color
PhongMaterial material6 = new PhongMaterial();
//setting the specular color map to the material
material6.setSpecularColor(Color.BLANCHEDALMOND);
//Setting the specular color material to Cylinder6
cylinder6.setMaterial(material6);
//Drawing Cylinder7
Cylinder cylinder7 = new Cylinder();
//Setting the properties of the Cylinder
cylinder7.setHeight(130.0f);
cylinder7.setRadius(30.0f);
//Setting the position of the Cylinder
cylinder7.setTranslateX(300);
cylinder7.setTranslateY(300);
//Preparing the phong material of type Specular Power
PhongMaterial material7 = new PhongMaterial();
material7.setSpecularPower(0.1);
//Setting the Specular Power material to the Cylinder
cylinder7.setMaterial(material7);
//Creating a Group object
Group root = new Group(cylinder1 ,cylinder2, cylinder3,
cylinder4, cylinder5, cylinder6, cylinder7);
//Creating a scene object
Scene scene = new Scene(root, 600, 400);
//Setting camera
PerspectiveCamera camera = new PerspectiveCamera(false);
camera.setTranslateX(0);
camera.setTranslateY(0);
camera.setTranslateZ(-10);
scene.setCamera(camera);
//Setting title to the Stage
stage.setTitle("Drawing a cylinder");
//Adding scene to the stage
stage.setScene(scene);
//Displaying the contents of the stage
stage.show();
}
public static void main(String args[]){
launch(args);
}
}使用以下命令从命令提示符编译并执行保存的java文件.
Javac CylinderMaterials.java java CylinderMaterials
执行时，上述程序生成一个JavaFX窗口，分别显示7个圆柱体，包括材质，凹凸贴图，漫反射贴图，自发光贴图，高光贴图，漫反射颜色，镜面反射颜色，(BLANCHEDALMOND)镜面反射功率，如下面的截图 :
