在macOS上的python安装错误.我该如何修理? [英] Faulty python installation on macOS. How can I repair?
问题描述
我正在使用macOS High Sierra.在过去的某个时候，我通过brew安装了Python，但是由于某些原因(我不知道)，pip无法正常工作:
$ pip --version Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/pip", line 6, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3195, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3179, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3208, in _initialize_master_working_set
working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 683, in _build_master
return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 696, in _build_from_requirements
dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 885, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==9.0.1' distribution was not found and is required by the application
因此，我发出了
$ brew uninstall python@2
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.14_1... (3,622 files, 50.6MB)
在此之后，我假定的是python的默认安装
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
不幸的是，我不能仅通过输入python来运行Python:
$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory
但是我可以通过直接引用它来运行该python解释器:
$ /usr/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.10
python --version无法正常工作让我感到困扰，我想知道这是否是以前在此处安装了brew brew版本的结果.因此，我决定使用brew install python@2重新安装，成功.
python的假定位置已更改:
$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python
但是当我尝试使用它时仍然出现相同的错误:
$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory
当然，使用python解释器的完整路径可以正常工作:
$ /usr/local/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.15
任何人都可以帮助我诊断为什么即使 which python 指出python位于/usr/local/bin/python时，发出 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory 却简单地导致 /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory 失败了吗?
响应者要求运行file的输出，这是该输出:
$ file /usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures: [i386:Mach-O executable i386] [x86_64:Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64]
/usr/bin/python (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386
/usr/bin/python (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
$ file /usr/local/bin/python
/usr/local/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
响应者要求提供brew doctor的输出.这是输出:
Warning: Putting non-prefixed coreutils in your path can cause gmp builds to fail.
Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.
Warning: Broken symlinks were found. Remove them with `brew prune`:
/usr/local/bin/apm
/usr/local/bin/atom
PATH的输出，有趣的是其中有/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/Applications/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/share/dotnet:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin': No such file or directory
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec
pip setuptools wheel
解决方案可能只是从PATH环境变量中删除/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin.
为此，您必须编辑~/.bash_profile并删除该目录的出现.
I am using macOS High Sierra. In the past at some point I installed Python via brew however for some reason (that I don't know) pip failed to work:
$ pip --version Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/pip", line 6, in <module>
from pkg_resources import load_entry_point
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3195, in <module>
@_call_aside
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3179, in _call_aside
f(*args, **kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 3208, in _initialize_master_working_set
working_set = WorkingSet._build_master()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 683, in _build_master
return cls._build_from_requirements(__requires__)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 696, in _build_from_requirements
dists = ws.resolve(reqs, Environment())
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 885, in resolve
raise DistributionNotFound(req, requirers)
pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound: The 'pip==9.0.1' distribution was not found and is required by the application
Hence I issued:
$ brew uninstall python@2
Uninstalling /usr/local/Cellar/python@2/2.7.14_1... (3,622 files, 50.6MB)
After which I was left with what I assume is the default installation of python
$ which python
/usr/bin/python
Unfortunately I can't run Python simply by typing python:
$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory
however I can run that python interpreter by referring to it directly:
$ /usr/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.10
It bothered me that python --version didn't work and I wondered if it was a consequence of previously having had a brew installed version of python on here. Hence I decided to reinstall using brew install python@2, which succeeded.
The supposed location of python has changed:
$ which python
/usr/local/bin/python
but I still get the same error when I try to use it:
$ python --version
-bash: /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory
Of course, using the full path to the python interpreter works fine:
$ /usr/local/bin/python --version
Python 2.7.15
Can anyone help me diagnose why simply issuing python fails with /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin/python: No such file or directory even though which python states that python is located at /usr/local/bin/python?
Edit: A responder asked for the output of running file, here is that output:
$ file /usr/bin/python
/usr/bin/python: Mach-O universal binary with 2 architectures: [i386:Mach-O executable i386] [x86_64:Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64]
/usr/bin/python (for architecture i386): Mach-O executable i386
/usr/bin/python (for architecture x86_64): Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
$ file /usr/local/bin/python
/usr/local/bin/python: Mach-O 64-bit executable x86_64
Edit: A responder asked for the output of brew doctor. Here is that output:
Warning: Putting non-prefixed coreutils in your path can cause gmp builds to fail.
Warning: Unbrewed header files were found in /usr/local/include.
If you didn't put them there on purpose they could cause problems when
building Homebrew formulae, and may need to be deleted.
Warning: Broken symlinks were found. Remove them with `brew prune`:
/usr/local/bin/apm
/usr/local/bin/atom
Edit: Output of PATH, interesting that /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin is in there
$ echo $PATH
/usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin:/Applications/google-cloud-sdk/bin:/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/share/dotnet:/Applications/Wireshark.app/Contents/MacOS
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin
ls: cannot access '/usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin': No such file or directory
$ ls /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec
pip setuptools wheel
The solution is probably simply to remove /usr/local/opt/python2/libexec/bin from your PATH environment variable.
To do this you have to edit your ~/.bash_profile and remove the occurence of this directory.
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