国际化在 JavaScript 中是如何工作的? [英] How does internationalization work in JavaScript?
问题描述
我想知道如何在 JavaScript 中处理国际化.我用谷歌搜索，但没有得到令人信服的答案:
I'm wondering how to deal internationalization in JavaScript. I googled but I'm not getting convincing answers for:
- JavaScript 是否具有对国际化的原生支持?
- 什么是 JavaScript 中的 i18n?
- 如何处理日历、货币、日期等?
我已经阅读了JavaScript 中的国际化.
推荐答案
旧版浏览器的本地化支持很差.最初，这是由于 ECMAScript 语言规范中的短语如下所示:
Localization support in legacy browsers is poor. Originally, this was due to phrases in the ECMAScript language spec that look like this:
Number.prototype.toLocaleString()
生成一个字符串值，该值表示根据格式化的 Number 的值宿主环境当前语言环境的约定.这个函数是依赖于实现的，并且允许但不鼓励它返回与 toString 相同的内容.
规范中定义的每个本地化方法都被定义为依赖于实现"，这会导致很多不一致.在这种情况下，Chrome Opera 和 Safari 将返回与 .toString() 相同的内容.Firefox 和 IE 将返回区域设置格式的字符串，IE 甚至包含千位分隔符(非常适合货币字符串).Chrome 最近更新为返回千位分隔的字符串，但没有固定的小数.
Every localization method defined in the spec is defined as "implementation-dependent", which results in a lot of inconsistencies. In this instance, Chrome Opera and Safari would return the same thing as .toString(). Firefox and IE will return locale formatted strings, and IE even includes a thousand separator (perfect for currency strings). Chrome was recently updated to return a thousands-separated string, though with no fixed decimal.
对于现代环境，ECMAScript Internationalization API 规范，一个补充 ECMAScript 语言规范的新标准，为字符串比较、数字格式以及日期和时间格式提供了更好的支持；它还修复了语言规范中的相应功能.可以在这里找到介绍.实现可用于:
For modern environments, the ECMAScript Internationalization API spec, a new standard that complements the ECMAScript Language spec, provides much better support for string comparison, number formatting, and the date and time formatting; it also fixes the corresponding functions in the Language Spec. An introduction can be found here. Implementations are available in:
- Chrome 24
- 火狐 29
- Internet Explorer 11
- 歌剧 15
还有一个兼容性实现，Intl.js，它将在它尚不存在的环境.
There is also a compatibility implementation, Intl.js, which will provide the API in environments where it doesn't already exist.
确定用户的首选语言仍然是一个问题，因为没有获取当前语言的规范.每个浏览器都实现了一种获取语言字符串的方法，但这可以基于用户的操作系统语言或仅基于浏览器的语言:
Determining the user's preferred language remains a problem since there's no specification for obtaining the current language. Each browser implements a method to obtain a language string, but this could be based on the user's operating system language or just the language of the browser:
// navigator.userLanguage for IE, navigator.language for others
var lang = navigator.language || navigator.userLanguage;
一个很好的解决方法是将 Accept-Language 标头从服务器转储到客户端.如果格式化为 JavaScript，则可以将其传递给 Internationalization API 构造函数，该构造函数将自动选择最佳(或最受支持的)语言环境.
A good workaround for this is to dump the Accept-Language header from the server to the client. If formatted as a JavaScript, it can be passed to the Internationalization API constructors, which will automatically pick the best (or first-supported) locale.
简而言之，您必须自己投入大量工作，或者使用 framework/library，因为你不能依赖浏览器为你做这件事.
In short, you have to put in a lot of the work yourself, or use a framework/library, because you cannot rely on the browser to do it for you.
用于本地化的各种库和插件:
Various libraries and plugins for localization:
- 由开放社区维护(无顺序):
- Mantained by an open community (no order):
- Polyglot.js - AirBnb 的国际化库
- Intl.js - 国际化 API 的兼容性实现
- i18next (home) 用于 i18n(包括 jquery 插件、翻译 ui、...)
- moment.js (home) 日期
- numbro.js (home) (原为 numeral.js (
- l10n.js (主页)
- L10ns (home) 用于 i18n 工作流程和复杂字符串格式化的工具
- jQuery 本地化(插件) (主页)
- YUI 国际化支持
- jquery.i18Now 日期
- browser-i18n 支持复数形式
- counterpart 的灵感来自于 Ruby 著名的 I18n gem
- jQuery Globalize jQuery 自己的 i18n 库
- js-lingui - JS (ES2016) 和 React 的 MessageFormat 实现
- Polyglot.js - AirBnb's internationalization library
- Intl.js - a compatibility implementation of the Internationalisation API
- i18next (home) for i18n (incl. jquery plugin, translation ui,...)
- moment.js (home) for dates
- numbro.js (home) (was numeral.js (home)) for numbers and currency
- l10n.js (home)
- L10ns (home) tool for i18n workflow and complex string formatting
- jQuery Localisation (plugin) (home)
- YUI Internationalization support
- jquery.i18Now for dates
- browser-i18n with support to pluralization
- counterpart is inspired by Ruby's famous I18n gem
- jQuery Globalize jQuery's own i18n library
- js-lingui - MessageFormat implementation for JS (ES2016) and React
- 其他:
- jQuery 全球化 (插件)
- requirejs-i18n 使用 RequireJS 定义 I18N 包.
- jQuery Globalization (plugin)
- requirejs-i18n Define an I18N Bundle with RequireJS.
随意添加/编辑.
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