在前面的章节中,我们已经看到了如何绘制三角形并旋转它.现在,在本章中,您可以了解如何使用3D立方体,如何旋转它,如何在其上附加图像.以同样的方式,本章提供了绘制3D立方体并为其应用颜色并将图像附加到其上的示例.
下面给出的是绘制3d立方体并应用颜色的程序它.
import java.awt.DisplayMode; import javax.media.opengl.GL2; import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable; import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities; import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener; import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile; import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas; import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU; import javax.swing.JFrame; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator; public class Cube implements GLEventListener { public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old; private GLU glu = new GLU(); private float rquad = 0.0f; @Override public void display( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glTranslatef( 0f, 0f, -5.0f ); // Rotate The Cube On X, Y & Z gl.glRotatef(rquad, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); //giving different colors to different sides gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); // Start Drawing The Cube gl.glColor3f(1f,0f,0f); //red color gl.glVertex3f(1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Right Of The Quad (Top) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Left Of The Quad (Top) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad (Top) gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad (Top) gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f,0f ); //green color gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad gl.glColor3f( 0f,0f,1f ); //blue color gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Front) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Front) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad gl.glColor3f( 1f,1f,0f ); //yellow (red + green) gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Back) gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Back) gl.glColor3f( 1f,0f,1f ); //purple (red + green) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Left) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad (Left) gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( -1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad gl.glColor3f( 0f,1f, 1f ); //sky blue (blue +green) gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f ); // Top Right Of The Quad (Right) gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f ); // Top Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f ); // Bottom Left Of The Quad gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f ); // Bottom Right Of The Quad gl.glEnd(); // Done Drawing The Quad gl.glFlush(); rquad -= 0.15f; } @Override public void dispose( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void init( GLAutoDrawable drawable ) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glShadeModel( GL2.GL_SMOOTH ); gl.glClearColor( 0f, 0f, 0f, 0f ); gl.glClearDepth( 1.0f ); gl.glEnable( GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST ); gl.glDepthFunc( GL2.GL_LEQUAL ); gl.glHint( GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST ); } @Override public void reshape( GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height ) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); if( height lt;= 0 ) height = 1; final float h = ( float ) width / ( float ) height; gl.glViewport( 0, 0, width, height ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_PROJECTION ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); glu.gluPerspective( 45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0 ); gl.glMatrixMode( GL2.GL_MODELVIEW ); gl.glLoadIdentity(); } public static void main( String[] args ) { final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get( GLProfile.GL2 ); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities( profile ); // The canvas final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas( capabilities ); Cube cube = new Cube(); glcanvas.addGLEventListener( cube ); glcanvas.setSize( 400, 400 ); final JFrame frame = new JFrame ( " Multicolored cube" ); frame.getContentPane().add( glcanvas ); frame.setSize( frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize() ); frame.setVisible( true ); final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas, 300,true); animator.start(); } }
编译并执行上述程序时,以下输出为
生成.它显示了一个彩色的3D立方体.
以下步骤将纹理应用于多维数据集 :
您可以使用Drawable接口的 gl.glBindTexture(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D.texture)方法将所需纹理绑定到多维数据集.
此方法需要texture(int)参数以及 GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D(int).
之前你执行 Display(),你需要创建纹理变量
在 init()方法中或者在 glDisplay()方法的起始行中,使用gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D)方法启用纹理.
创建纹理对象,需要一个文件对象作为参数,
又需要用作对象纹理的图像路径.
File file = new File("c:\\pictures\\boy.jpg"); Texture t = textureIO.newTexture(file, true); texture = t.getTextureObject(gl);
处理'找不到文件'例外
下面给出了在立方体上附加图像的程序.
import java.awt.DisplayMode; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import javax.media.opengl.GL2; import javax.media.opengl.GLAutoDrawable; import javax.media.opengl.GLCapabilities; import javax.media.opengl.GLEventListener; import javax.media.opengl.GLProfile; import javax.media.opengl.awt.GLCanvas; import javax.media.opengl.glu.GLU; import javax.swing.JFrame; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.FPSAnimator; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.Texture; import com.jogamp.opengl.util.texture.TextureIO; public class CubeTexture implements GLEventListener { public static DisplayMode dm, dm_old; private GLU glu = new GLU(); private float xrot,yrot,zrot; private int texture; @Override public void display(GLAutoDrawable drawable) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glClear(GL2.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL2.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glLoadIdentity(); // Reset The View gl.glTranslatef(0f, 0f, -5.0f); gl.glRotatef(xrot, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glRotatef(yrot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glRotatef(zrot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glBindTexture(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture); gl.glBegin(GL2.GL_QUADS); // Front Face gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Back Face gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Face gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Bottom Face gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Right face gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Left Face gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); gl.glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); gl.glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); gl.glEnd(); gl.glFlush(); //change the speeds here xrot += .1f; yrot += .1f; zrot += .1f; } @Override public void dispose(GLAutoDrawable drawable) { // method body } @Override public void init(GLAutoDrawable drawable) { final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); gl.glShadeModel(GL2.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glClearColor(0f, 0f, 0f, 0f); gl.glClearDepth(1.0f); gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_DEPTH_TEST); gl.glDepthFunc(GL2.GL_LEQUAL); gl.glHint(GL2.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL2.GL_NICEST); // gl.glEnable(GL2.GL_TEXTURE_2D); try{ File im = new File("E:\\office\\boy.jpg "); Texture t = TextureIO.newTexture(im, true); texture= t.getTextureObject(gl); }catch(IOException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void reshape(GLAutoDrawable drawable, int x, int y, int width, int height) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GL2 gl = drawable.getGL().getGL2(); if(height lt;= 0) height = 1; final float h = (float) width / (float) height; gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_PROJECTION); gl.glLoadIdentity(); glu.gluPerspective(45.0f, h, 1.0, 20.0); gl.glMatrixMode(GL2.GL_MODELVIEW); gl.glLoadIdentity(); } public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub final GLProfile profile = GLProfile.get(GLProfile.GL2); GLCapabilities capabilities = new GLCapabilities(profile); // The canvas final GLCanvas glcanvas = new GLCanvas(capabilities); CubeTexture r = new CubeTexture(); glcanvas.addGLEventListener(r); glcanvas.setSize(400, 400); final JFrame frame = new JFrame (" Textured Cube"); frame.getContentPane().add(glcanvas); frame.setSize(frame.getContentPane().getPreferredSize()); frame.setVisible(true); final FPSAnimator animator = new FPSAnimator(glcanvas, 300, true); animator.start(); } }
编译并执行上述程序时,将生成以下输出。 您可以看到应用了所需纹理的3D立方体。