如何正确设置JavaScript命名空间和类？ [英] How to set up JavaScript namespace and classes properly?

问题描述

似乎有很多方法可以设置JavaScript应用程序，因此令人困惑的是哪一个是正确的还是最好的。以下技术或更好的方法有什么不同吗？

It seems there are so many ways to set up a JavaScript application so it is confusing as to which one is correct or best. Are there any difference to the below techniques or a better way of doing this?

MyNamespace.MyClass = {
    someProperty: 5,
    anotherProperty: false,

    init: function () {
        //do initialization
    },

    someFunction: function () {
        //do something
    }
};

$(function () {
    MyNamespace.MyClass.init();
});

另一种方式：

MyNamespace.MyClass = (function () {
    var someProperty = 5;
    var anotherProperty = false;

    var init = function () {
        //do something
    };

    var someFunction = function () {
        //do something
    };

    return {
        someProperty: someProperty
        anotherProperty: anotherProperty
        init: init
        someFunction: someFunction
    };
}());

MyNamespace.MyClass.init();

第一种技术感觉更像是一个类。如果这有所不同，我来自服务器端背景。第二种技术似乎更冗余，有点尴尬，但我看到这也使用了很多。有人可以帮助解决一些问题并建议前进的最佳方式吗？我想创建一个有很多类相互交流的应用程序。

The first technique feels more like a class. I am coming from server-side background if this makes a difference. The second technique seems more redundant and a bit awkward, but I see this used a lot too. Can someone please help shed some light and advise the best way to move forward? I want to create a application with lots of classes talking to each other.

推荐答案

不要做这两件事。

制作一个javascriptclass：

Make a javascript "class":

var MyClass = function () {

    var privateVar; //private
    var privateFn = function(){}; //private 

    this.someProperty = 5;  //public
    this.anotherProperty = false;  //public
    this.someFunction = function () {  //public
        //do something
    };

};

MyNamespace.MyClass = new MyClass();

---

一个有静态变量：

---

One with static vars:

var MyClass = (function(){

    var static_var; //static private var

    var MyClass = function () {

        var privateVar; //private
        var privateFn = function(){}; //private 

        this.someProperty = 5;  //public
        this.anotherProperty = false;  //public
        this.someFunction = function () {  //public
            //do something
        };
    };

    return MyClass;

})();

MyNamespace.MyClass = new MyClass();

---

使用构造函数（所有示例）有一个构造函数，这个只有参数可以使用）：

---

With a "constructor" (all of the examples have a "constructor", this one just has parameters to work with):

var MyClass = function (a, b c) {

    //DO SOMETHING WITH a, b, c <--

    var privateVar; //private
    var privateFn = function(){}; //private 

    this.someProperty = 5;  //public
    this.anotherProperty = false;  //public
    this.someFunction = function () {  //public
        //do something
    };

};

MyNamespace.MyClass = new MyClass(1, 3, 4);

---

综合以上所有你可以：

MyNamespace.MyClass.someFunction();

但无法做到（来自外部）：

MyNamespace.MyClass.privateFn(); //ERROR!

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