RequireJS：如何将变量从一个文件传递到另一个文件？ [英] RequireJS: How do I pass variables from one file to another?

问题描述

我正在使用带有骨干+骨干形式的require。我目前正在使用RequireJS将代码分成多个文件。我将模型存储在单独的文件中，并希望单独保留表单验证器。

I'm using require with backbone + backbone-forms. I'm currently using RequireJS to seperate code into multiple files. I have models stored in separate files and want to keep form validators separately.

但是，我无法访问在一个文件中定义的变量，在另一个依赖于此文件的文件中。我得到的是未捕获的ReferenceError：isEmptyName未定义。 isEmptyName 在验证器中定义并在模型中使用。任何有关RequireJS配置的反馈也很受欢迎。

However, I am unable to access variables defined in one files, in another file that depends on this one. What I get is Uncaught ReferenceError: isEmptyName is not defined. isEmptyName is defined in validators and used in model. Any feedback about RequireJS config is also appreciated.

我的配置：

requirejs.config({

//By default load any module IDs from js/lib

baseUrl: 'js',

paths: {
     jquery: 'lib/jquery',
        app: 'lib/app', 
     wizard: 'lib/jquery.bootstrap.wizard.min',
  bootstrap: 'lib/bootstrap.min',
 underscore: 'lib/underscore-min',
   backbone: 'lib/backbone-min',
backboneForms: 'lib/backbone-forms.min',
langSwitcher: 'lib/lang',
     cookie: 'lib/cookie',
 datepicker: 'lib/bootstrap-datepicker',
       mask: 'lib/jquery.maskedinput.min',
 validators: 'modules/validators',  

  // models

personalData: 'models/personal-data',
addressData: 'models/address-data',
   workData: 'models/work-data',
productsData: 'models/products-data',
statmentData: 'models/statment-data',    

     model: 'models/form',
collection: 'collections/form',
      view: 'views/form',

     setup: 'setup',
      send: 'send',

},
    shim: {
    'underscore': {
        deps: ['jquery'],
        exports: '_'
    },  
    'backbone': {
        deps: ['underscore', 'jquery'],
        exports: 'backbone'
    },

    // all model needs to go within one collection

    'bootstrap' : ['jquery'],
    'wizard': ['jquery'],
    'backboneForms': ['backbone'],
    'validators': ['backbone','mask'],
    'personalData' : ['backbone','backboneForms','validators'],
    'addressData': ['backbone','backboneForms'],
    'workData': ['backbone','backboneForms'],
    'statmentData': ['backbone','backboneForms'],

    //'collection': ['backbone','backboneForms','personalData'],
    //'view': ['backbone','backboneForms','personalData']
 } 
});

validators.js的开头

Beginning of validators.js

require(['backbone','backboneForms'], function(){


var lettersOnly = /^[A-Za-zęóąśłżźćńĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ]+$/;
var lettersOnlyDash = /^[A-Za-zęóąśłżźćńĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ\-]+$/;
var err = {};
var errCh = {};
var errFormat = {};

var isEmptyName = function(value){
err = { message: 'Wpisz imię.'};
if (value.length === 0) return err;
};

需要验证器中验证器的model.js的开头.js

Beginning of model.js that needs the validators in validators.js

require(['backbone','backboneForms','mask','validators'], function(backbone,backboneForms,mask,validators){

var PersonalData = Backbone.Model.extend({

schema: {
    first_name:{ 
        title: 'Imię',            
        validators: [isEmptyName, isLetter, minCharCount] //Accessing validators.js members here...
    }, ...

推荐答案

我认为您正在使用 require ，而您真正需要的是 define 。从何时使用require（）以及何时使用define（ ）？，

I think you're using require when what you really need is define. From When should I use require() and when to use define()?,

使用define在require.js中注册一个模块，你可以将
依赖于其他模块定义或require语句。使用
要求你只加载/使用require.js加载的
模块或javascript文件。

With define you register a module in require.js that you than can depend on in other module definitions or require statements. With require you "just" load/use a module or javascript file that can be loaded by require.js.

---

所以在这里，你有一些在一个文件中定义的变量，但需要在另一个文件中访问。看起来像'模块'，不是吗？现在，您有两种方法可以将此文件用作模块：

---

So here, you have some variables that are defined in one file, but are required to be accessed in another file. Seems like a 'Module', doesn't it? So now, you have two ways of using this file as a module:

1. 符合AMD-ness


2. 符合混乱的javascript全局变量

使用AMD方法

validators.js 现在是一个模块。任何希望使用验证器功能的人都可以依靠这个模块为它们提供它。也就是说，

Using the AMD Approach

validators.js is now a module. Anybody wishing to use 'validator functions' can depend on this module to provide it for them. That is,

define(['backbone','backboneForms'], function(){

  var lettersOnly = /^[A-Za-zęóąśłżźćńĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ]+$/;

  var isEmptyName = function(value){
  err = { message: 'Wpisz imię.'};
  if (value.length === 0) return err;

  return {
    someVariable: lettersOnly,
    someFunction: isEmptyName
  }
};

你会注意到需要已被 define 替换。现在，当某人（模型）依赖于validator.js时，他们可以按如下方式访问其依赖项

You'll notice that the require has been replaced with define. Now, when somebody (model) depends on validator.js, they can access their dependencies as follows

require(['backbone','backboneForms','mask','validators'], 
  function(backbone, backboneForms, mask, validators) {

    var isEmptyNameReference = validators.someFunction;
    ...

使用 shim

检查要求使用shim配置的原因和时间，引用此链接表示，

如果我们只是将backbone.js文件添加到我们的项目中并将
Backbone列为我们其中一个模块的依赖项，那么它将无法工作。
RequireJS将加载backbone.js，但backbone.js中没有任何内容将
本身注册为具有RequireJS的模块。 RequireJS会抛出它的手
并说出类似的话，好吧，我加载了文件，但我没有在那里找到
任何模块。

if we were to just add the backbone.js file to our project and list Backbone as a dependency from one of our modules, it wouldn’t work. RequireJS will load backbone.js, but nothing in backbone.js registers itself as a module with RequireJS. RequireJS will throw up its hands and say something like, "Well, I loaded the file, but I didn’t find any module in there."

因此，您可以让您的validator.js填充全局 Validator 命名空间，并且仍然按照我们在其中使用它的方式使用它上面的例子。

So, you could have your validator.js populate a global Validator namespace, and still use it the way we used it in the example above.

function(){
  var lettersOnly = /^[A-Za-zęóąśłżźćńĘÓĄŚŁŻŹĆŃ]+$/;
  var isEmptyName = function(value){
    err = { message: 'Wpisz imię.'};
    if (value.length === 0) return err;

  Globals.Validator = {
    someVariable: lettersOnly,
    someFunction: isEmptyName
  }
}();

您的config.js将是，

Your config.js would then be,

shim: {
    'validator': {
        deps: ['backbone','backboneForms'],
        exports: 'Globals.Validator'
    },
  ...

请注意，您可以将命名空间别名为你希望，但别名只是对现有全局对象/命名空间的引用。如果您将 Foo.Bar.Foobar 作为命名空间，但希望将其称为 FB 。因此，Shimming是非AMD库适应AMD使用的一种方式。 在这种情况下，选项1就足够了。

Note that you can alias the namespace as you wish, but the alias is just a reference to the existing global object/namespace. This is helpful if you have, say, Foo.Bar.Foobar as your namespace, but want to refer to it as FB. Shimming, hence, is a way for non-AMD libraries to adapt to AMD usage. In this case, option 1 should be sufficient.

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