编写程序的步骤 [英] steps in writng a program

问题描述

我们编写程序需要采取什么步骤

What are the steps we need in writing a program

推荐答案

系统开发生命周期，即系统工程，信息系统和软件工程中的软件开发过程，是创建或更改信息系统以及人们用来开发这些系统的模型和方法的过程.在软件工程中，系统开发生命周期"概念奠定了许多软件开发方法的基础.这些方法论构成了计划和控制信息系统创建的框架.例如，系统开发生命周期模型可以按照从敏捷到迭代再到序列的方式来描述.诸如XP和Scrum之类的敏捷方法论着重于轻量级过程，这些过程允许在开发周期中进行快速更改.诸如Rational Unified Process和动态系统开发方法之类的迭代方法论着眼于有限的项目范围，并通过多次迭代来扩展或改进产品.瀑布式等先后顺序或大型设计(BDUF)模型专注于完整而正确的计划，以指导大型项目和风险，以取得成功且可预测的结果.其他模型，例如变形开发"，倾向于将重点放在一种开发形式上，这种形式由项目范围和要素开发的自适应迭代来指导.

项目生命周期涵盖了项目的所有活动，而系统开发生命周期则专注于实现产品需求，即系统开发生命周期遵循了对开发人员必不可少的重要阶段，例如:

*初步分析:第一阶段的目标是进行初步分析，提出替代解决方案，描述成本和收益并提交带有建议的初步计划.

*进行初步分析:在这一步中，您需要找出组织的目标以及所研究问题的性质和范围.即使问题仅涉及组织本身的一小部分，您也需要找出组织本身的目标是什么.然后，您需要查看正在研究的问题如何适合他们.

*提出替代解决方案:在研究组织的目标和特定问题时，您可能已经涵盖了一些解决方案.其他建议可以来自采访员工，客户，供应商和/或顾问.您还可以研究竞争对手在做什么.有了这些数据，您将有三个选择:保持系统不变，对其进行改进或开发一个新系统.
描述成本和收益.

*系统分析，需求定义:将项目目标定义为预期应用程序的定义功能和操作.分析最终用户的信息需求.

*系统设计:详细描述所需的功能和操作，包括屏幕布局，业务规则，流程图，伪代码和其他文档.

*开发/实施

*集成和测试:将所有组件整合到一个特殊的测试环境中，然后检查错误，错误和互操作性.

*验收，安装，部署:初始开发的最后阶段，该阶段将软件投入生产并运行实际业务.

*维护:在软件的整个生命周期中发生的事情:更改，更正，添加，移至其他计算平台等等.这通常是最长的阶段.

P/S您还可以阅读有关TDD(测试驱动的开发)的信息，它是一种软件开发过程，它依赖于非常短的开发周期的重复:首先，开发人员编写了一个失败的自动测试用例，该用例定义了所需的改进或新功能，然后生成通过该测试的代码，最后将新代码重构为可接受的标准.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development [

The System Development Life Cycle, or Software development process in systems engineering, information systems and software engineering, is a process of creating or altering information systems, and the models and methodologies that people use to develop these systems. In software engineering, the System Development Life Cycle concept underpins many kinds of software development methodologies. These methodologies form the framework for planning and controlling the creation of an information system . For example the systems development life cycle models can be described along spectrum of agile to iterative to sequential. Agile methodologies, such as XP and Scrum, focus on lightweight processes which allow for rapid changes along the development cycle. Iterative methodologies, such as Rational Unified Process and dynamic systems development method, focus on limited project scope and expanding or improving products by multiple iterations. Sequential or big-design-up-front (BDUF) models, such as Waterfall, focus on complete and correct planning to guide large projects and risks to successful and predictable results. Other models, such as Anamorphic Development, tend to focus on a form of development that is guided by project scope and adaptive iterations of feature development.

The project life cycle encompasses all the activities of the project, while the systems development life cycle focuses on realizing the product requirements, i.e. a Systems Development Life Cycle adheres to important phases that are essential for developers, such as :

* Preliminary analysis: The objective of phase1 is to conduct a preliminary analysis, propose alternative solutions, describe costs and benefits and submit a preliminary plan with recommendations.

* Conduct the preliminary analysis: in this step, you need to find out the organization''s objectives and the nature and scope of the problem under study. Even if a problem refers only to a small segment of the organization itself then you need to find out what the objectives of the organization itself are. Then you need to see how the problem being studied fits in with them.

* Propose alternative solutions: In digging into the organization''s objectives and specific problems, you may have already covered some solutions. Alternate proposals may come from interviewing employees, clients , suppliers, and/or consultants. You can also study what competitors are doing. With this data, you will have three choices: leave the system as is, improve it, or develop a new system.
Describe the costs and benefits.

* Systems analysis, requirements definition: Defines project goals into defined functions and operation of the intended application. Analyzes end-user information needs.

* Systems design: Describes desired features and operations in detail, including screen layouts, business rules, process diagrams, pseudocode and other documentation.

* Development /implementation

* Integration and testing: Brings all the pieces together into a special testing environment, then checks for errors, bugs and interoperability.

* Acceptance, installation, deployment: The final stage of initial development, where the software is put into production and runs actual business.

* Maintenance: What happens during the rest of the software''s life: changes, correction, additions, moves to a different computing platform and more. This is often the longest of the stages.

P/S Also you can read about TDD (Test-driven development) is a software development process that relies on the repetition of a very short development cycle: first the developer writes a failing automated test case that defines a desired improvement or new function, then produces code to pass that test and finally refactors the new code to acceptable standards.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test-driven_development[^]

当然，这是一个非常笼统的问题，但无论如何，这些都是您要做的最少的事情.

*获得良好的要求.
*设计程序.
*实施程序.
*测试.
*记录下来.
*对最终用户进行良好的培训和良好的帮助.

祝您好运！

Of course this is a very general question, but anyway, those are the least you have to do to get it done right.

* Get good requirements.
* Design the program.
* implement the program.
* test it.
* document it.
* make good training and good help to the end users.

Good luck!

选择文本编辑器或IDE，阅读一本书或十本书，编写一些伪代码，基本上考虑您想要完成的工作，然后编写代码.如果您对某个特定的想法(特定的问题)感到困惑，请回到这里并提出进一步的问题.

Select a text editor or a IDE, read a book or ten, write some pseudo code, basically think about what you wish to accomplish, then write the code. If you get stumped on a particular idea (A specific problem) come back here and ask further questions.

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