Android的碎片基础教程 [英] Android Fragment Basics Tutorial

查看:174
本文介绍了Android的碎片基础教程的处理方法,对大家解决问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧!

问题描述

所以我一直停留在第三个教程的关于Android开发者网站片段了解几天。我只是不明白如何应用填充数据,当我运行在平板电脑上(大屏幕布局)的应用程序。我能理解数据是如何被填充一个小屏幕(手机屏幕)上。

如何在更大的屏幕列表填充数据?

下面是整个项目由 Android.com 教程的链接。

MainActivity类别

 公共类MainActivity扩展FragmentActivity
    实现HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener {    / **当第一次创建活动调用。 * /
    @覆盖
    公共无效的onCreate(捆绑savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //这里,系统将决定哪news_article布局将根据屏幕大小使用。将利用布局,如果小或布局的大,如果是大的。
        的setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);        //检查活动是否使用与布局版本
        //将fragment_container的FrameLayout。如果是这样,我们必须添加的第一个片段
        //这个检查是确定要使用哪种布局,无论是小屏幕或大屏幕。
        // fragment_container使用的FrameLayout的小屏幕。
        // fragment_container是的FrameLayout在news_article的ID为小屏幕。
        如果(findViewById(R.id.fragment_container)!= NULL){            //但是,如果我们被从previous状态恢复,
            //那么我们不需要做任何事情,应该返回要不然
            //我们可以重叠的片段结束。
            如果(savedInstanceState!= NULL){
                返回;
            }            //创建ExampleFragment的一个实例
            HeadlinesFragment firstFragment =新HeadlinesFragment();            //如果这项活动开始由一个Intent特殊说明,
            //通过意向的群众演员的片段作为参数
             firstFragment.setArguments(getIntent()getExtras());            //片段添加到fragment_container的FrameLayout
            getSupportFragmentManager()调用BeginTransaction()
                    。新增(R.id.fragment_container,firstFragment).commit();
        }
    }    公共无效onArticleSelected(INT位置){
        //用户选择的文章的标题从HeadlinesFragment        //捕获从活动布局的文章片段
        ArticleFragment articleFrag =(ArticleFragment)
            。getSupportFragmentManager()findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);        如果(articleFrag!= NULL){
            //如果文章FRAG是可用的,我们在两窗格布局...            //在ArticleFragment调用一个方法来更新其内容
            articleFrag.updateArticleView(位置);        }其他{
            //如果断枝不可用,我们是在一个窗格布局和必须交换断枝...            //创建片段,并给它一个参数所选文章
            ArticleFragment newFragment =新ArticleFragment();
            捆绑ARGS =新包();
            args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION,位置);
            newFragment.setArguments(参数);
            FragmentTransaction交易= getSupportFragmentManager()调用BeginTransaction()。            //替换无论是在fragment_container认为这个片段,
            //和事务添加到背堆栈,以便用户可以导航回
            transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container,newFragment);
            transaction.addToBackStack(NULL);            //提交事务
            器transaction.commit();
        }
    }
}


HeadLineFragment

 公共类HeadlinesFragment扩展ListFragment {// Container活动必须实现此接口使FRAG可以传递消息
    公共接口OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
        通过调用HeadlinesFragment / **当选择列表项* /
        公共无效onArticleSelected(INT位置);
    }    OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;    @覆盖
    公共无效的onCreate(捆绑savedInstanceState){
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        //我们需要使用不同的列表项布局设备年纪比蜂窝
        INT布局= Build.VERSION.SDK_INT> = Build.VERSION_ codeS.HONEYCOMB?
            android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1:android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1;        //创建列表视图的阵列适配器,使用存有头条阵列
        setListAdapter(新ArrayAdapter<串GT;(getActivity(),布局,Ipsum.Headlines));    }    @覆盖
    公共无效调用onStart(){
        super.onStart();        //当两个窗格布局,设置列表视图突出显示选中的列表项
        //(我们在onStart中,因为在列表视图可在点做到这一点。)
        如果(getFragmentManager()。findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment)!= NULL){
            。getListView()setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        }
    }    @覆盖
    公共无效onAttach(活动活动){
        super.onAttach(活动);        //这将确保集装箱活动实施
        //回调接口。如果不是,它抛出一个异常。
        尝试{
            mCallback =(OnHeadlineSelectedListener)活性;
        }赶上(抛出ClassCastException E){
            抛出新ClassCastException异常(activity.toString()
                    +必须实现OnHeadlineSelectedListener);
        }
    }    @覆盖
    公共无效onListItemClick(ListView中升,视图V,INT位置,长的id){
        //通知所选项目的父活动
        mCallback.onArticleSelected(位置);        //设置项为选中的两窗格布局中突出时,
        getListView()setItemChecked(位置,真)。
    }
}


布局小屏幕
news_article.xml

 <的FrameLayout的xmlns:机器人=htt​​p://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
    机器人:ID =@ + ID / fragment_container
    机器人:layout_width =match_parent
    机器人:layout_height =match_parent/>


布局bigscreen
news_article.xml

 < LinearLayout中的xmlns:机器人=htt​​p://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
    机器人:layout_width =match_parent
    机器人:layout_height =match_parent
    机器人:方向=横向>    <片段机器人:名字=com.example.android.fragments.HeadlinesFragment
              机器人:ID =@ + ID / headlines_fragment
              机器人:layout_weight =1
              机器人:layout_width =0dp
              机器人:layout_height =match_parent/>    <片段机器人:名字=com.example.android.fragments.ArticleFragment
              机器人:ID =@ + ID / article_fragment
              机器人:layout_weight =2
              机器人:layout_width =0dp
              机器人:layout_height =match_parent/>< / LinearLayout中>


解决方案

注意两个布局中的位置。

大屏幕为片剂斌(文件夹) RES /布局大/ main.xml中,而小屏幕布局是通用 RES /布局/ main.xml中

由于在java询问的findViewById为null我们知道,如果该设备是大屏幕或正常布局。

  ArticleFragment articleFrag =(ArticleFragment)getSupportFragmentManager()findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment)。
    如果(articleFrag!= NULL){
        / *不为空,因为我们是在res /布局大* /
    }其他{
        / *我们是在单一视图疼痛/ RES /布局/ ... * /
    }

当你调用的setContentView(INT); 他们系统处理您加载基于DPI的箱提供给设备的最佳布局提供

So I've been stuck on the third tutorial on the Android Developer Site about Fragments for few days. I just can't understand how the app populates data when I run the app on a tablet (big screen layout). I can understand how the data is being populated on a smaller screen (phone screen).

How does the bigger screen list populate with data?

Here is a link of the whole project from Android.com tutorials.

MainActivity Class

public class MainActivity extends FragmentActivity 
    implements HeadlinesFragment.OnHeadlineSelectedListener {

    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        //Here, the system will decide which news_article layout it will use based on the screen size. Will use layout if small or layout-large if it's big. 
        setContentView(R.layout.news_articles);

        // Check whether the activity is using the layout version with
        // the fragment_container FrameLayout. If so, we must add the first fragment
        //This check is to determine which layout to be used, either small screen or big screen.
        //fragment_container used FrameLayout for small screens.
        //fragment_container is the id of FrameLayout in news_article for small screen. 
        if (findViewById(R.id.fragment_container) != null) {

            // However, if we're being restored from a previous state,
            // then we don't need to do anything and should return or else
            // we could end up with overlapping fragments.
            if (savedInstanceState != null) {
                return;
            }

            // Create an instance of ExampleFragment
            HeadlinesFragment firstFragment = new HeadlinesFragment();

            // In case this activity was started with special instructions from an Intent,
            // pass the Intent's extras to the fragment as arguments
             firstFragment.setArguments(getIntent().getExtras());

            // Add the fragment to the 'fragment_container' FrameLayout
            getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction()
                    .add(R.id.fragment_container, firstFragment).commit();
        }
    }

    public void onArticleSelected(int position) {
        // The user selected the headline of an article from the HeadlinesFragment

        // Capture the article fragment from the activity layout
        ArticleFragment articleFrag = (ArticleFragment)
            getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);

        if (articleFrag != null) {
            // If article frag is available, we're in two-pane layout...

            // Call a method in the ArticleFragment to update its content
            articleFrag.updateArticleView(position);

        } else {
            // If the frag is not available, we're in the one-pane layout and must swap frags...

            // Create fragment and give it an argument for the selected article
            ArticleFragment newFragment = new ArticleFragment();
            Bundle args = new Bundle();
            args.putInt(ArticleFragment.ARG_POSITION, position);
            newFragment.setArguments(args);
            FragmentTransaction transaction = getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction();

            // Replace whatever is in the fragment_container view with this fragment,
            // and add the transaction to the back stack so the user can navigate back
            transaction.replace(R.id.fragment_container, newFragment);
            transaction.addToBackStack(null);

            // Commit the transaction
            transaction.commit();
        }
    }
}


HeadLineFragment

public class HeadlinesFragment extends ListFragment {

// The container Activity must implement this interface so the frag can deliver messages
    public interface OnHeadlineSelectedListener {
        /** Called by HeadlinesFragment when a list item is selected */
        public void onArticleSelected(int position);
    }

    OnHeadlineSelectedListener mCallback;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        // We need to use a different list item layout for devices older than Honeycomb
        int layout = Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB ?
            android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1 : android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1;

        // Create an array adapter for the list view, using the Ipsum headlines array
        setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(getActivity(), layout, Ipsum.Headlines));

    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();

        // When in two-pane layout, set the listview to highlight the selected list item
        // (We do this during onStart because at the point the listview is available.)
        if (getFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment) != null) {
            getListView().setChoiceMode(ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
        super.onAttach(activity);

        // This makes sure that the container activity has implemented
        // the callback interface. If not, it throws an exception.
        try {
            mCallback = (OnHeadlineSelectedListener) activity;
        } catch (ClassCastException e) {
            throw new ClassCastException(activity.toString()
                    + " must implement OnHeadlineSelectedListener");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        // Notify the parent activity of selected item
        mCallback.onArticleSelected(position);

        // Set the item as checked to be highlighted when in two-pane layout
        getListView().setItemChecked(position, true);
    }
}


Layout for small screen news_article.xml

<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:id="@+id/fragment_container"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent" />


Layout for bigscreen news_article.xml

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="horizontal" >

    <fragment android:name="com.example.android.fragments.HeadlinesFragment"
              android:id="@+id/headlines_fragment"
              android:layout_weight="1"
              android:layout_width="0dp"
              android:layout_height="match_parent" />

    <fragment android:name="com.example.android.fragments.ArticleFragment"
              android:id="@+id/article_fragment"
              android:layout_weight="2"
              android:layout_width="0dp"
              android:layout_height="match_parent" />

</LinearLayout>

解决方案

Notice the placement of the two layouts.

Large screen is in a tablet bin (folder) res/layout-large/main.xml while small screen layout is in generic res/layout/main.xml

Since the java asks if the findViewById is null we know if the device is a large screen or normal layout.

 ArticleFragment articleFrag = (ArticleFragment) getSupportFragmentManager().findFragmentById(R.id.article_fragment);
    if (articleFrag != null) { 
        /* not null because we are in res/layout-large */
    } else {
        /* we are in single pain view /res/layout/... */
    }

When you call setContentView(int); they system handles loading the best layout you provided for the device based on the DPI bins provided.

这篇关于Android的碎片基础教程的文章就介绍到这了,希望我们推荐的答案对大家有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持IT屋!

查看全文
登录 关闭
扫码关注1秒登录
发送“验证码”获取 | 15天全站免登陆