动态加载JDBC驱动程序 [英] Dynamically load the JDBC driver

问题描述

我正在尝试使用以下代码动态加载JDBC驱动程序:

I'm trying to load the JDBC driver dynamically with this kind of code:

        try{
        URL[] url={new URL("file:libs/mysql-connector-java-5.1.21.jar")};
        URLClassLoader loader = new URLClassLoader(url, System.class.getClassLoader());
        loader.loadClass(drivername);
        Enumeration<Driver> drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
        while(drivers.hasMoreElements()){
            Driver driver = drivers.nextElement();
            System.out.println("driver:"+driver);
        }
        Class.forName(drivername, true, loader);
        drivers = DriverManager.getDrivers();
        while(drivers.hasMoreElements()){
            Driver driver = drivers.nextElement();
            System.out.println("driver:"+driver);
        }
        Connection connect = DriverManager.getConnection(jdbcurl, user,
                password);

        return connect;
    }
    catch (MalformedURLException e){
        e.printStackTrace();
        return null;
    }

第一个while循环显示类路径的驱动程序:

The first while-loop shows the drivers of the classpath:

driver:sun.jdbc.odbc.JdbcOdbcDriver@35712651
driver:oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver@58df0438
driver:com.ibm.db2.jcc.DB2Driver@525c7734
driver:SQLServerDriver:1

和第二个循环显示相同的驱动程序，但没有MySQL驱动程序.

and the second loop shows the same drivers, but without the MySQL driver.

我的问题是为什么?我错过了什么吗?

My Question is why? Did I miss something?

我在DriverManager 的JavaDoc中阅读了如果驱动程序已加载，驱动程序会尝试通过drivermanager注册自己.在我的代码中，该名称应为loader.loadClass(drivername);.我认为这段代码应该调用静态部分，例如:

I read in the JavaDoc of DriverManager that every driver tries to register himself by the drivermanager, if the driver is loaded. In my Code this should be loader.loadClass(drivername);. I thought this code should invoke the static part for example:

static {
  try {
      java.sql.DriverManager.registerDriver(new Driver());
  } catch (SQLException E) {
      throw new RuntimeException("Can't register driver!");
  }
}

of Driver类.

推荐答案

DriverManager和类加载器的已知问题，请参见:

that's a known issue with DriverManager and classloaders, see:

http://www.kfu.com/~nsayer/Java/dyn-jdbc.html

驱动程序定义(基本上是委托):

Driver definition (basically a delegate):

class DriverShim implements Driver {
    private Driver driver;
    DriverShim(Driver d) { this.driver = d; }
    public boolean acceptsURL(String u) throws SQLException {
        return this.driver.acceptsURL(u);
    }
    public Connection connect(String u, Properties p) throws SQLException {
        return this.driver.connect(u, p);
    }
    // and so on....

使用示例:

URL u = new URL("jar:file:/path/to/pgjdbc2.jar!/");
String classname = "org.postgresql.Driver";
URLClassLoader ucl = new URLClassLoader(new URL[] { u });
Driver d = (Driver)Class.forName(classname, true, ucl).newInstance();
DriverManager.registerDriver(new DriverShim(d));
DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:postgresql://host/db", "user", "pw");

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