如何从两个文件中的匹配列中查找列的值? [英] How to find the value of column on the basis of matching column from two files?

问题描述

文件1:emp.txt

file 1 : emp.txt

7839|KING|PRESIDENT||17-Nov-81|5000||10
7698|BLAKE|MANAGER|7839|01-May-81|2850||30
7782|CLARK|MANAGER|7839|09-Jun-81|2450||10
7566|JONES|MANAGER|7839|02-Apr-81|2975||20
7788|SCOTT|ANALYST|7566|19-Apr-87|3000||20
7902|FORD|ANALYST|7566|03-Dec-81|3000||20
7369|SMITH|CLERK|7902|17-Dec-80|800||20
7499|ALLEN|SALESMAN|7698|20-Feb-81|1600|300|30
7521|WARD|SALESMAN|7698|22-Feb-81|1250|500|30
7654|MARTIN|SALESMAN|7698|28-Sep-81|1250|1400|30

文件2:dept.txt

file 2 : dept.txt

  10|ACCOUNTING|NEW YORK
  20|RESEARCH|DALLAS
  30|SALES|CHICAGO
  40|OPERATIONS|BOSTON

我想在输出下面打印:

7839|KING|PRESIDENT||17-Nov-81|5000||10|NEW YORK
7698|BLAKE|MANAGER|7839|01-May-81|2850||30|CHICAGO
7782|CLARK|MANAGER|7839|09-Jun-81|2450||10|NEW YORK
7566|JONES|MANAGER|7839|02-Apr-81|2975||20|DALLAS
7788|SCOTT|ANALYST|7566|19-Apr-87|3000||20|DALLAS
7902|FORD|ANALYST|7566|03-Dec-81|3000||20|DALLAS
7369|SMITH|CLERK|7902|17-Dec-80|800||20|DALLAS
7499|ALLEN|SALESMAN|7698|20-Feb-81|1600|300|30|CHICAGO
7521|WARD|SALESMAN|7698|22-Feb-81|1250|500|30|CHICAGO
7654|MARTIN|SALESMAN|7698|28-Sep-81|1250|1400|30|CHICAGO

我在awk语句下面尝试过，但是它没有打印任何内容-

I tried below awk statement, but it is not printing anything -

awk -F'|' 'NR==FNR {val[$1]=$3; next} $8 in val {print $1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,val[$1]}' OFS="|"   dept.txt emp.txt

任何建议??

推荐答案

问题是匹配列前面有两个空格.由于您使用的是"|"作为字段分隔符，然后将第二个文件的每一行划分如下.(以第一行为例.)

The problem is there are two spaces in front of the matching column. Since you are using '|' as your field separator then each row of the second file is divided as follows.(Using the first row as example.)

  10|ACCOUNTING|NEW YORK

$1="  10"
$2="ACCOUNTING"
$3="NEW YORK"

因此，您正在将Accounting与" 10"而不是"10"映射.这就是为什么您在第二个文件中没有找到任何匹配项的原因. (假设您想在第二个打印命令中使用val [$ 8]而不是val [$ 1]).

So you are mapping Accounting with " 10" rather than "10". Thats why you don't get any match in the second file. (Assuming you wanted to use val[$8] rather than val[$1] in the second print command).

执行以下操作.这样可以解决您的问题.

Do the following. This will fix your problem.

awk -F'|' 'NR==FNR {sub("  ","",$1);val[$1]=$3; next;} $8 in val {print $1,$2
,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,val[$8]}' OFS="|"   dept.txt emp.txt

输出:

7839|KING|PRESIDENT||17-Nov-81|5000||10|NEW YORK
7698|BLAKE|MANAGER|7839|01-May-81|2850||30|CHICAGO
7782|CLARK|MANAGER|7839|09-Jun-81|2450||10|NEW YORK
7566|JONES|MANAGER|7839|02-Apr-81|2975||20|DALLAS
7788|SCOTT|ANALYST|7566|19-Apr-87|3000||20|DALLAS
7902|FORD|ANALYST|7566|03-Dec-81|3000||20|DALLAS
7369|SMITH|CLERK|7902|17-Dec-80|800||20|DALLAS
7499|ALLEN|SALESMAN|7698|20-Feb-81|1600|300|30|CHICAGO
7521|WARD|SALESMAN|7698|22-Feb-81|1250|500|30|CHICAGO
7654|MARTIN|SALESMAN|7698|28-Sep-81|1250|1400|30|CHICAGO

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