将Django queryset输出为JSON [英] Output Django queryset as JSON

问题描述

我想序列化我的查询集，并希望它以该视图输出的格式:

I want to serialize my queryset, and I want it in a format as this view outputs:

class JSONListView(ListView):
    queryset = Users.objects.all()

    def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        return HttpResponse(json.dumps({'data': [['bar','foo','bar','foo'],['foo','bar','foo','bar']]}, indent=4), content_type='application/json')

我只是不知道如何输出查询集而不是示例中的手动数据.

I simply don't know how to output the queryset instead of the manual data in the example.

我尝试过

json.dumps({"data": self.get_queryset()})

和

serializers.serialize("json", {'data': self.get_queryset()})

但是它行不通.我究竟做错了什么?我需要制作自定义JSON编码器吗?

but it wont work. What am I doing wrong? Do I need to make a custom JSON Encoder?

推荐答案

您可以使用 JsonResponse 与值.简单的例子:

You can use JsonResponse with values. Simple example:

from django.http import JsonResponse

def some_view(request):
    data = list(SomeModel.objects.values())
    return JsonResponse(data, safe=False)  # or JsonResponse({'data': data})

使用 Django内置的序列化程序的另一种方法:

from django.core import serializers
from django.http import HttpResponse

def some_view(request):
    qs = SomeModel.objects.all()
    qs_json = serializers.serialize('json', qs)
    return HttpResponse(qs_json, content_type='application/json')

在这种情况下，响应会有所不同(默认情况下没有缩进):

In this case response will be bit different (without indent by default):

[
    {
        "model": "some_app.some_model",
        "pk": 1,
        "fields": {
            "name": "Ivan",
            "age": 35,
            ...
        }
    },
    ...
]

我必须说，使用棉花糖之类的东西来序列化查询集是一种好习惯.

I must say that it is good practice to use something like marshmallow to serialize queryset.

...以及一些注意事项，以提高性能:

...and a few notes for better performance:

• 如果您的查询集很大，请使用分页；
• 使用objects.values()指定必需字段的列表，以避免序列化并将不必要的模型字段发送给客户端(您也可以将fields传递给serializers.serialize)；

• use pagination if your queryset is big;
• use objects.values() to specify list of required fields to avoid serialization and sending to client unnecessary model's fields (you also can pass fields to serializers.serialize);

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