* NIX GUI如何工作? [英] How does the *NIX GUI work?

问题描述

我想更多地了解* NIX系统上的GUI起作用的原因，但还不确定从哪里开始研究.根据我的理解，X服务器是使所有视觉效果成为可能的原因，而且还有各种UI环境，例如KDE，Gnome等.

I would like to know more about what makes the GUI on *NIX systems work, but not quite sure where to begin the research. From my understanding, the X server is what makes all the visuals possible, and atop that there are the various UI environments like KDE, Gnome and others.

但是，例如，我一直认为在某些UI环境下运行会限制您使用该环境的程序，直到我意识到我能够在Gnome下使用KDE实用程序和软件，反之亦然，这样可以保留外观他们的原生环境.

But, for instance, I have always thought that running under certain UI environments restricted you to programs that utilize that environment, until I realized I'm able to use KDE utilities and software under Gnome and vice versa, which retain the look of their native environment.

什么是开始学习该主题的好地方?

What would be a good place to start learning about this topic?

推荐答案

本质上，GUI位是包含chrome(程序窗口周围的内容)的单个库，通常还包含许多其他内容，例如桌面工具栏等.在. GNOME和KDE是此类的桌面环境示例.

Essentially, the GUI bits are individual libraries that include the chrome (stuff around your program's window), and usually include a bunch of other stuff like desktop toolbars and so on. GNOME and KDE are desktop environment examples of this.

它们每个都包含一个窗口管理器，该窗口管理器可以准确地告诉您的程序在何处绘制以及如何绘制chrome.

They each include a window manager, which is the bit that tells your programs precisely where to draw, and how to draw the chrome.

在它们下面，您具有X框架，该框架提供了窗口管理器用来在屏幕上绘制的API.因此，X取决于您的图形驱动程序，它告诉它如何与您的硬件进行交互.

Below them, you've got the X framework, which provides the API that the window managers use to paint on your screen. So X depends on your graphics drivers, which tell it how to interact with your hardware.

在您的窗口管理器之上，您已经有了实际的程序.每一个都调用窗口管理器以执行通用操作，例如给我一个带关闭按钮的50x50窗口".

Above your window managers, you've got your actual programs. Each of those makes calls to the window manager to do generic things like "give me a 50x50 window with a close button".

由程序绘制的实际小部件通常利用图形工具箱，例如GNOME附带的工具箱. KDE包含Qt工具包.

The actual widgets drawn by a program generally utilize a graphics toolkit like the one included with GNOME. KDE includes the Qt toolkit.

这里有很多可供选择的wm http://xwinman.org/

There's a good selection of wm's here http://xwinman.org/

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