嵌入式PostgreSQL for Java JUnit测试 [英] Embedded PostgreSQL for Java JUnit tests
问题描述
是否存在嵌入式PostgreSql，以便我们可以对PostgreSql驱动的应用程序进行单元测试?
Is there an embedded PostgreSql so that we could unit test our PostgreSql driven application?
由于PostgreSql有一些方言，所以最好使用嵌入式PostgreSql本身，而不是其他嵌入式数据库.
Since PostgreSql has some dialects, it's better to use embedded PostgreSql itself than other embedded databases.
嵌入式并不一定意味着它必须嵌入JVM进程中.它还不一定需要使用内存中的持久性.应该由依赖项管理(Maven，Gradle)自动加载它，以便单元测试可以在每台机器上运行，而不必安装和配置本地PostgreSQL服务器.
Embedded does not necessarily mean it must be embedded in the JVM process. It also does not necessarily need to use in-memory persistence. It should be loaded automatically by the dependency management (Maven, Gradle), so that Unit tests can run on every machine without having to install and configure a local PostgreSQL server.
推荐答案
不，就进程内可加载的数据库库而言，没有嵌入式PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL是面向过程的.每个后端都有一个线程，并产生多个进程来工作.作为图书馆没有意义.
No, there is no embedded PostgreSQL, in the sense of an in-process-loadable database-as-a-library. PostgreSQL is process oriented; each backend has one thread, and it spawns multiple processes to do work. It doesn' make sense as a library.
H2数据库支持
The H2 database supports a limited subset of the PostgreSQL SQL dialect and the use of the PgJDBC driver.
您可以做的是 pg_ctl停止它，最后删除临时数据库.
What you can do is initdb a new temporary database, start it with pg_ctl on a randomized port so it doesn't conflict with other instances, run your tests, then use pg_ctl to stop it and finally delete the temporary database.
我强烈建议，您在非默认端口上运行临时postgres ，因此您不必冒与运行测试的计算机上本地安装的任何PostgreSQL冲突的风险.
I strongly recommend that you run the temporary postgres on a non-default port so you don't risk colliding with any locally installed PostgreSQL on the machine running the tests.
(有 在 ecpg ，本质上是作为基于C语言扩展的预处理器嵌入在C 源代码中的PostgreSQL client ，它仍然需要运行中的服务器，使用起来有点讨厌，不推荐使用.它的存在主要是为了简化从其他各种数据库的移植.)
(There is "embedded PostgreSQL in the sense of ecpg, essentially a PostgreSQL client embedded in C source code as preprocessor based C language extensions. It still requires a running server and it's a bit nasty to use, not really recommended. It mostly exists to make porting from various other databases easier.)
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