使用DI进行单元测试和服务模拟 [英] Unit testing and mocking a service with DI

问题描述

一段时间以来，我一直在为此苦苦挣扎，希望有人能提供帮助.我有一个使用服务获取数据的组件.我正在尝试向其中添加单元测试.我的问题是测试始终失败，并显示错误:Http没有提供程序".这是我的代码:

I have been struggling with this for a while, and I'm hoping someone can help. I have a component that uses a service to get data. I am attempting to add unit tests to it. My problem is that the tests always fail with "Error: No provider for Http". Here is my code:

服务:

import { Injectable } from '@angular/core';
import { Http } from '@angular/http';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Rx';
import 'rxjs/add/operator/map';

import { Contact } from './contact.model';

@Injectable()
export class ContactsService {
    constructor(private http: Http) { }

    public getContacts(): Observable<Array<Contact>> {
        return this.http.get('assets/contacts.json').map(res => {
            let r = res.json().Contacts;
            return r;
        });
    }
}

组件:

import { Component, OnInit, NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { Contact } from '../contact.model'; 
import { ContactsService } from '../contacts.service';

@Component({
    selector: 'app-contacts',
    templateUrl: './contacts.component.html',
    styleUrls: ['./contacts.component.css'],
    providers: [ContactsService]
})
export class ContactsComponent implements OnInit {

    contactsAll: Array<Contact>;
    contacts: Array<Contact>;

    constructor(private contactsService: ContactsService) { }

    ngOnInit() {
        this.contactsService.getContacts().subscribe((x) => {
            this.contactsAll = x;
            this.contacts = this.contactsAll;
        });
    }

}

测试:

import { async, ComponentFixture, TestBed, inject } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
import { By } from '@angular/platform-browser';
import { Observable } from 'rxjs/Rx';

import { ContactsComponent } from './contacts.component';
import { ContactsService } from '../contacts.service';
import { Contact } from '../contact.model';

class MockContactsService extends ContactsService {

    constructor() {
        super(null);
    }

    testContacts: Array<Contact> = [
        new Contact("test1 mock", 12345, 10000),
        new Contact("test2 mock", 23456, 20000)
    ];

    public getContacts(): Observable<Array<Contact>> {
        return Observable.of(this.testContacts);
    }
}

describe('ContactsComponent', () => {
    let component: ContactsComponent;
    let fixture: ComponentFixture<ContactsComponent>;

    beforeEach(async(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
            imports: [FormsModule],
            declarations: [ContactsComponent],
           // providers: [{ provide: ContactsService, useClass: MockContactsService }] // this is needed for the service mock
        }).overrideComponent(ContactsService, {// The following is to override the provider in the @Component(...) metadata
            set: {
                providers: [
                    { provide: ContactsService, useClass: MockContactsService },
                ]
            }
        }).compileComponents();
    }));

    beforeEach(() => {
        fixture = TestBed.createComponent(ContactsComponent);
        component = fixture.componentInstance;
        fixture.detectChanges();
    });

    it('should create', () => {
        expect(component).toBeTruthy();
    });

    describe('1st test', () => {
        it('true is true', () => expect(true).toBe(true));
    })
});

推荐答案

让我们尝试一下:

首先，将providers数组从组件移至NgModule.最好在模块级别提供服务，因为它会使提供程序与组件树结构脱钩(除非您特别希望每个组件具有单独的提供程序实例，并且从简化的用例来看，没有)每个组件都需要一个单独的实例).

First, move your providers array from your component to your NgModule. It's better to provide your services at the module level since it de-couples your providers from your component tree structure (unless you specifically want to have a separate instance of a provider per component, and from your simplified use case, there's no need for a separate instance per component).

所以

@Component({
    selector: 'app-contacts',
    templateUrl: './contacts.component.html',
    styleUrls: ['./contacts.component.css'],
   /// providers: [ContactsService]  <-- remove this line
})
export class ContactsComponent implements OnInit {
   .....

并将其添加到声明您的ContactsComponent的NgModule中

and add it to the NgModule that declares your ContactsComponent

 @NgModule({
    imports: ..
    declarations: ...
    providers: [ContactsService] // <-- provider definition moved to here
 })
 export class ModuleDeclaringContactsComponent

一旦这样做，就可以轻松实现测试中对ContactsService的模拟.

Once you do that, then mocking the ContactsService in your test is easy to implement.

TestBed.configureTestingModule({
        imports: [FormsModule],
        declarations: [ContactsComponent],
        providers: [{ provide: ContactsService, useClass: MockContactsService }] // this is needed for the service mock
    });

有了它，你应该很好了.

With that, you should be good to go.

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